Basic Aspects: Surface Evaluations -- The "Four Parameters" -- Experimental and Clinical Knowledge: Surface Micro-Topography -- Importance of Surface Chemistry -- Importance of Surface Physics -- Importance of Surface Nano Roughness -- Novel Surfaces for Clinical Usage: Fluoride -- Anodization -- Fluoridated Surfaces in the Eyes of the Clinician -- Sandblasted and Acid etched Surfaces with or without High Surface Energy in the Eyes of a Clinician -- Anodized Surfaces in the Eyes of a Clinical Scientist -- Coated Implants -- Concluding Remarks and the Future.