Somatosensory-Evoked Potentials -- Transcranial Motor-Evoked Potentials -- Auditory-Evoked Potentials -- Visual-Evoked Potentials -- Deep Brain Stimulation -- Intraoperative Electromyography -- The Use of Spinal Reflex Responses for IOM -- Brainstem Reflexes Under General Anesthesia.-Brain Mapping: Asleep and Awake -- Intraoperative Monitoring of EEG and Processed EEG -- Central Nervous System Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Monitoring: Technique and Clinical Application.-Intracranial Pressure Monitoring -- Monitoring Cerebral Blood Flow -- Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound -- IOM Instrumentation Layout and Electrical Interference -- Signal Optimization in Intraoperative Neuromonitoring -- Optimization of Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring Through Anesthetic Management -- Basic Evaluation and Effective Communication of IOM Signal Changes -- Anesthesia for Awake Neurosurgery -- Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring and Mapping of the Motor System During Surgery for Supratentorial Mass Lesions under General Anesthesia -- Intraoperative Neurophysiological Monitoring for Intracranial Aneurysm Surgery -- Intracranial Arteriovenous Malformation Surgery -- Microvascular Decompressions for Cranial Nerve Disorders -- Surgery for Extra-Axial Infratentorial Mass and IOM -- Intraoperative Neurophysiology Monitoring for Intra-Axial Posterior Fossa Surgery -- Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery -- IOM for Surgery Near the Extracranial Facial Nerve -- The Techniques and Rationale of Intraoperative Monitoring for Perilaryngeal Surgeries -- Carotid Surgery -- Cervical Spine Surgery -- Surgery for Scoliosis -- Surgery for Adult Deformity Correction -- IONM During Lumbosacral Spinal Fusion Procedures -- Intramedullary Spinal Cord Surgery During Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumor Surgery -- Surgery in the Peripheral Nervous System -- Aortic Intervention: A Practical Guide to Monitoring, Preventing, and Treating Spinal Cord Injury -- Neuroendovascular Procedures -- Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in Pediatric Surgery -- Neuromonitoring in the Intensive Care Unit for Treatment and Prognostication.