Part I. Precision Medicine -- The role of transcriptomics in redefining critical illness -- Metagenomic sequencing in the ICU for precision diagnosis of critical infectious illnesses -- Risk stratification and precision medicine: is it feasible for severe infections? -- Interrogating the sepsis host immune response using cytomics -- Precision medicine in septic shock -- Part II. Sepsis Biomarkers And Organ Dysfunction Scores -- Host response biomarkers for sepsis In the emergency room -- Repetitive assessment of biomarker combinations as a new paradigm to detect sepsis early -- Organ dysfunction scores in the adult ICU -- Part III. ARDS -- Ex vivo lung perfusion models to explore the pathobiology of ARDS -- Interpretation of lung perfusion in ARDS -- A structured diagnostic algorithm for patients with ARDS -- Hemodynamic implications of prone positioning in patients with ARDS -- Part IV. Ventilatory Support -- Update on the management of acute respiratory failure using non-invasive ventilation and pulse oximetry -- Managing the physiologically difficult airway in critically ill adults -- Dyspnea in patients receiving invasivemechanical ventilation -- The potential risks of pressure support ventilation -- Advancing sedation strategies to improve clinical outcomes in ventilated critically ill patients -- Part V. Extracorporeal Support Setting and monitoring of mechanical ventilation during venovenous ECMO -- Early mobilization of patients receiving ECMO for respiratory failure -- Physiological adaptations during weaning from venovenous ECMO.-Novel strategies to enhance the efficiency of extracorporeal CO2 -- Extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic approach -- Temporary and durable mechanical circulatory support in the ICU -- Part VI. Fluids and Transfusion -- Venous congestion: why examine the abdomen with ultrasound in critically ill patients? -- The most important questions in the current practice of transfusion of critically bleeding patients -- Part VII. Acute Renal Failure -- Fluid management and acute kidney injury -- Cardiorenal syndrome 1: what's in a name? -- Part VIII. The Microcirculation and Metabolism -- Update on the microcirculatoryassessment of the critically ill patient -- Intracellular measurements of micronutrients in critically ill patients -- Optimal glycemic targets in critically ill patients with diabetes -- Part IX: A Look Back at COVID-19 -- Hydroxychloroquine: time for reappraisal of its effect in COVID-19 patients -- Blood purification in COVID-19 outside acute kidney injury -- Part X. Neurologic Considerations -- Epidemiology, outcomes and costs of pediatric traumatic brain injury patients treated in the ICU -- Quality improvements in the determination of death by neurologic criteria around the world -- Part XI. Obstetric Issues -- COVID-19-induced ARDS in pregnancy: implications for the non-COVID era -- Amniotic fluid embolism -- Part XII. Pre and Post-Intensive Care -- Remote telehealth aid during humanitarian crisis -- Boarding in the emergency department: challenges and success strategies to mitigate the current crisis -- Post-intensive care syndrome revisited in light of the COVID-19 pandemic -- Part XIII. Ethical Issues.-Rethinking the role of palliative care in the ICU.