Introduction -- Part I: Essential. Clinical and immunological effects and biomarkers of zinc deficiency -- Zinc and the immune system: Insights into the role of zinc in autoimmune diseases -- Zinc transporters in physiology and pathophysiology -- Copper -- Iron -- Iodine -- Selenium -- Unifying mechanisms of trivalent chromium in health and disease -- Manganese -- Fluorine in human metabolism, health and disease -- Part II: Toxic trace elements. Arsenic skin carcinogenesis: A prototypic model of chemical carcinogenesis featured with abnormal differentiation and aberrant immune responses -- Emerging importance of manganese and arsenic as modifiers of cadmium accumulation -- Lead -- Methylmercury: Human exposure, animal behavior, and insight on molecular mechanism -- Part III: Vitamins. Vitamin A -- The B-vitamins -- Vitamin C -- Vitamin D in human health -- Vitamin E: Tocopherols and tocotrienol and their role in health and disease -- Recommended daily dietary allowances.