Chapter 1. History, origin and types of neurological disorders -- Chapter 2. Mechanistic approach involved in the progression of Neurodegenerative disorders -- Chapter 3. Isolation, characterization and differentiation of stem cells -- Chapter 4. Role of Stem cells as a protective agent against neurological complications -- Chapter 5. Mesenchymal stem cells and their application against neurodegenerative disorders -- Chapter 6. iPSCs and their role in amelioration of neurodegenerative disorders -- Chapter 7. Isolation, characterization and detailed history of exosomes derived from stem cells and their epigenetic biology -- Chapter 8. Stem cells vs exosomes: promising therapeutic approach and biomarkers agent against neurodegenerative disorders -- Chapter 9. Role of stem cells and derived exosomes as a novel therapeutic agent against neuroinflammation and stroke -- Chapter 10. Role of stem cells and derived exosomes as a novel therapeutic agent against Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease -- Chapter 11. Role of stem cells and derived exosomes and associated signalling molecules involved in neuroprotection -- Chapter 12. Exosome as nanoparticles against neurodegenerative disorders.