Chapter 1. FUS aggregation by shear stress on pipetting and its suppression by non-coding RNA -- Chapter 2. Basics and recent advances in computational and theoretical methods for understanding the liquid-liquid phase separation -- Chapter 3.Promotion of liquid-liquid phase separation by G-quadruplex DNA and RNA -- Chapter 4. Phase regulation by chaperons -- Chapter 5. Regulation of aggregation of intrinsically disordered protein through phase separation: Risk management of phase separation -- Chapter 6. Molecular mechanisms of phase transition/separation of protein low-complexity sequences -- Chapter 7. Winding and Tangling. An Initial Phase of Membrane-less Organelle Formation (from a viewpoint of Cajal Bodies) -- Chapter 8. Formation and function of phase separated nuclear bodies directed by architectural noncoding RNA -- Chapter 9. Force-dependent remodeling of cell-to-cell adhesion through the regulation of phase separation -- Chapter 10. Neuronal RNA granules: Phase separation, dynamics, and higher brain functions -- Chapter 11. Liquid-liquid phase separation in structure and function of nuclear pore complex -- Chapter 12. Phase Separation Orchestrates Cancer Signaling: Biomolecular condensates as a promising target for cancer therapy -- Chapter 13. Regulatory interaction of intrinsically disordered regions of pathogenic proteins in neurodegenerative diseases -- Chapter 14. Functional properties of phase separation and intranuclear complex of FUS in the pathogenesis of ALS/FTLD -- Chapter 15. Functional responses of microglia to amyloid plaques -- Chapter 16. Emerging role of phage separation in COVID-19.