Introduction -- ANG II and water balance in frogs -- Sex differences in ANGII hypertension -- Na-K-ATPase b subunit association with tight junction Drosophila tub size and tight junction function,- Na-K-ATPase in hypertension -- Endothelin regulation of ion transport in non-mammlian transporting epithelia -- Genetic models of Endothelin regulation of sodium transport -- miRNA and sodium and water balance in the developing zebrafish -- miRNA and sodiumand water balance in mammals -- Comparative and genetic models of WNK signaling in osmotic homeostasis -- Genetics of WNK signaling and disease in humans -- Comparative and evolutionary physiology of Water channels -- Genetic models resulting in urine concentrating defect -- Water balance in desert-adapted animals.0 Comparisons of nephron morphology and the urine concentrating mechanism -- Non-traditional models: the giraffe kidney -- Non-traditional models: insect tubule transport -- Circadian clock in ion transporters in insect vision -- Circadian clock, melatonin, and osmoregulation in fishes.  .