Frontmatter -- Preface -- Introduction to the handbook series -- Contents -- 1. The handbook of second language assessment -- 2. Purposes of assessment -- 3. Standards and frameworks -- 4. Norm-referenced vs. criterion-referenced approach to assessment -- 5. Quality factors in language assessment -- 6. The impact of language assessment -- 7. Assessing listening -- 8. Assessing reading -- 9. Assessing speaking -- 10. Assessing writing -- 11. Assessing pragmatic competence -- 12. Assessing intercultural competence -- 13. Fluency in second language assessment -- 14. Translation and interpretation skills -- 15. Assessment in educational settings -- 16. Learning-oriented assessment in second and foreign language classrooms -- 17. Dynamic Assessment in the language classroom -- 18. Language assessment for the workplace -- 19. Language assessment and analysis for immigration, citizenship and asylum -- 20. Aligning language assessments to standards and frameworks -- 21. Technology and artificial intelligence in language assessment -- 22. Assessing young learners -- 23. Assessing students with learning and other disabilities/special needs -- 24. 'Authorial voice' in the assessment of writing -- 25. Teacher assessment literacy and professional development -- Biographical notes -- Index