Frontmatter -- Table of Contents -- Acknowledgements -- Introduction -- Part 1: Research on Dictionary Use: State of the Art -- 1. User-oriented Dictionary Research: a Brief History -- 2. Research on Dictionary Use in Language Learning -- 3. Needs and Skills Analysis of L2 Dictionary Users -- 4. Research on Dictionary Use: Methodological Considerations -- Part 2: Empirical Studies -- 5. The Effect of Long-term Dictionary Use on Reading Comprehension -- 6. How to Assess Dictionary Using Skills for Language Learning -- 7. A Good Dictionary User: What Makes the Difference? -- 8. Macrostructure Skills: Idiom Look-up Operations -- 9. Microstructure Skills: Process of Dictionary Look-up in L2/L1 Translation -- 10. Microstructure Skills: the Effect of Menu on the Look-up Process -- 11. Macrostructure Revisited: the Effect of Signposts/ Guidewords -- 12. Using Learners' Error Information for L2 Lexicography -- 13. L2 Learner Corpora for Pedagogical Dictionaries: The Case of Make -- Conclusion -- Appendices -- Bibliography