Annotation This work examines modern trends in sliding mode control, effective methods to reduce the occurrence of chattering, new theoretical developments in practical realization, stabilization techniques for optimal system performance, and comparisons among popular first-order sliding and higher-order sliding controllers. It presents techniques such as nonlinear gains, dynamic extensions, and higher-order sliding mode (HOSM) control for increased robustness and stability and decreased breaking and wear in industrial and manufacturing processes. It also discusses the effect of time delay on system behavior, adaptive control, passivity and flatness, and dynamical output controllers.