chapter 1. Introduction / Toshiyuki Itoh -- chapter 2. Organic synthesis using an ionic liquid as a reaction medium / Toshiyuki Itoh -- chapter 3. Biocatalysis in ionic liquids / Pedro Lozano, Juana M. Bernal, Eduardo Garca-Verdugo, Michel Vaultier, and Santiago V. Luis -- chapter 4. Deep eutectic solvents : promising solvents and nonsolvent solutions for biocatalysis / Pablo Dominquez de Maria -- chapter 5. Synthesis and applications of ionic liquids as pharmaceutical materials / Hua Zhao and Sanjay V. Malhotra -- chapter 6. Ionic liquids as versatile media for chemical reactions / Jackson D. Scholten, Brenno A. D. Neto, Paulo A. Z. Suarez, and Jairton Dupont.