chapter 1 The omni-presence of latent variables -- chapter 2 Modeling different response processes -- chapter 3 Classical latent variable models -- chapter 4 General model framework -- chapter 5 Identification and equivalence -- chapter 6 Estimation -- chapter 7 Assigning values to latent variables -- chapter 8 Model specification and inference -- part PART II Applications -- chapter 9 Dichotomous responses -- chapter 10 Ordinal responses -- chapter 11 Counts -- chapter 12 Durations and survival -- chapter 13 Comparative responses: Polytomous responses and rankings -- chapter 14 Multiple processes and mixed responses.