1. Introduction / Walter E. Goldstein -- 2. An insight into the discovery of the contamination of the environment and drinking water by pharmaceuticals / Thomas Heberer -- 3. Presence and fate of pharmaceuticals in the environment and in drinking water / James S. Smith Jr. -- 4. Occurrence, effects, and methods for antibiotics and illicit drugs in the environment / Tammy Jones-Lepp -- 5. Detection of pharmaceuticals in the environment : history of use as a forensic tool / Keir Soderberg and Remy J.-C. Hennet -- 6. Health impact of pharmaceuticals in the environment and in drinking water : potential for human and environmental risk / James S. Smith Jr. -- 7. Health impact of pharmaceuticals in the environment and in drinking water : analysis and research needs / Walter E. Goldstein -- 8. Effect of antibiotics on biological wastewater treatment processes / Olivier Potier, Jean-Noel Louvet, Christophe Merlin, Marie-Noelle Pons, Dominique Dumas, and Walter E. Goldstein -- 9. Wastewater pharmaceuticals minimization : analysis of opportunities and costs / Walter E. Goldstein -- 10. Conclusions and recommendations, research opportunities, and implementation of measures to control environmental pharmaceuticals / Walter E. Goldstein.