chapter 1 Introduction to Biomimetics: The Wealth of Inventions in Nature as an Inspiration for Human Innovation / chapter 2 Biological Mechanisms as Models for Mimicking: Sarcomere Design, Arrangement, and Muscle Function / chapter 3 Mechanization of Cognition / chapter 4 Evolutionary Robotics and Open-Ended Design Automation / chapter 5 Genetic Algorithms: Mimicking Evolution and Natural Selection in Optimization Models / chapter 6 Robotic Biomimesis of Intelligent Mobility, Manipulation, and Expression / chapter 7 Bio-Nanorobotics: A Field Inspired by Nature / chapter 8 Molecular Design of Biological and Nano-Materials / chapter 9 Engineered Muscle Actuators: Cells and Tissues / chapter 10 Artificial Muscles Using Electroactive Polymers / chapter 11 Biologically Inspired Optical Systems / chapter 12 Multifunctional Materials / chapter 13 Defense and Attack Strategies and Mechanisms in Biology / chapter 14 Biological Materials in Engineering Mechanisms / chapter 15 Functional Surfaces in Biology: Mechanisms and Applications / chapter 16 Biomimetic and Biologically Inspired Control / chapter 17 Interfacing Microelectronics and the Human Visual System / chapter 18 Artificial Support and Replacement of Human Organs / chapter 19 Nastic Structures: The Enacting and Mimicking of Plant Movements / chapter 20 Biomimetics: Reality, Challenges, and Outlook