Overview of the Control and Monitoring of Bioprocesses and Mathematical Preliminaries. Introduction -- Mathematical Preliminaries -- Observability and Control Concepts. State Estimation and Observers -- Control of Bioprocess -- Software Sensors and Observer-Based Control Schemes for Bioprocess. Dynamical Behavior of a 3-Dimensional Continuous Bioreactor -- Observability Analysis Applied to 2D and 3D Bioreactors with Inhibitory and Non-inhibitory Kinetics Models -- Production System Myco-Diesel for Implementation of "Quality" of the Observability -- Regulation of a Continuously Stirred Bioreactor via Modeling Error Compensation -- Development of Virtual Sensor Based on the Just-In-Time Model for Monitoring of Biological Control Systems -- Virtual Sensor Design for State Estimation in a Photocatalytic Bioreactor for Hydrogen Production.