Sustainable Intensification: Meaning, Need, Components, and Role of Root Systems -- Genetic and Molecular Regulation of Root Growth and Development -- Plant Roots for Sustainable Soil Structure Management in Cropping Systems -- Dynamics of Root Systems in Crop and Pasture Genotypes over the Last 100 Years: Lessons Learned -- Interplay between Root Structure and Function in Enhancing Efficiency of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Acquisition -- Root-Microbe Interactions Influencing Water and Nutrient Acquisition Efficiency -- The Interplay between Roots and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Influencing Water and Nutrient Acquisition and Use Efficiency -- Role of Seed Priming in Root Development and Crop Production -- Water Uptake in Drying Soil: Balancing Supply and Demand -- Winter Wheat and Summer Maize Roots in Agro-Ecosystems on the North China Plain -- Intercropping to Maximize Root-Root Interactions in Agricultural Plants: Soil-Root Interface Processes -- Intercropping to Maximize Root-Root Interactions in Agricultural Plants: Agronomic Aspects -- The 3-D Imaging of Roots Growing in Soil -- Simulating the Diversity and Plasticity of Root Systems Using 3D Models of the Root System Architecture -- Phenotyping-Modelling Interfaces to Advance Breeding for Optimized Crop Root.