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Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of Contributors -- Preface -- Biome I Continental Margins -- 1 Biogeochemistry of Marine Oxygen Minimum Zones with Special Emphasis on the Northern Indian Ocean -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.1.1 The Arabian Sea Oxygen Minimum Zone -- 1.1.2 The Bay of Bengal Oxygen Minimum Zone -- 1.2 Preservation of Organic matter and Sediment Biogeochemistry -- 1.3 Pore Fluid Geochemistry -- 1.4 Sedimentary Sulfidization and Sulfurization -- 1.5 Benthic Biology -- 1.6 Microbial Metabolism in the Marine Oxygen Minimum Zone Water Column and Sediment -- 1.7 Nitrogen Metabolism in the Marine Marine Oxygen Minimum Zone Water Column -- 1.8 Microbiological Perspective of Sulfur Metabolism in the Marine Oxygen Minimum Zone Water Column -- 1.9 Microbiology of Methane Cycling in the Oxygen Minimum Zone Water Column -- 1.10 Microbial Metabolism in Marine Oxygen Minimum Zone Sediments -- 1.11 Oxygen Minimum Zone expansion -- 1.12 Conclusion -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 2 Sedimentary Records of Present and Past Marine Sulfur Cycling -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Stable Sulfur Isotopes - a Tool for Reconstructing Spatial and Temporal Changes in Sulfur Cycling -- 2.3. The Modern Marine Realm -- 2.4. Oceanic Sulfate and its Evolution Through Time -- 2.5. Pyrite and Organic-Bound Sulfur as Recorders of Microbial Sulfur Cycling in the Past -- 2.6. Mass-Independently Fractionated Sulfur Isotopes - a record of Earth's Oxygenation -- 2.7. Summary and Direction of Future Research -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 3 The Role of Microorganisms in Iron Reduction in Marine Sediments -- 3.1. INTRODUCTION -- 3.2. THE REDOX ZONES IN SHALLOW MARINE SEDIMENTS -- 3.3. BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAYS OF IRON REDUCTION -- 3.3.1. The Specificity of Microbial Pathways with Respect to Iron -- 3.3.2. Microbial Strategies to Reduce Solid Iron Phases.

3.3.3. Uptake of Iron as a Nutrient -- 3.4. DIVERSITY OF POTENTIAL IRON-REDUCING AND IRON-OXIDIZING ORGANISMS -- 3.4.1. Correlation of Phylogenetic Abundances with Porewater Chemistry Data -- 3.4.2. Diversity of Iron Reducers in Suboxic Zones -- 3.4.3. Methanogenic Zones -- 3.4.4. The Phylogenetic Tree of Marine Iron Reducers -- 3.5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS -- References -- 4 Biogeochemistry of Nitrogen in the Marine System with Special Emphasis on the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Sources of Nitrogen for the Ocean -- 4.2.1 Riverine and Groundwater Input -- 4.2.2 Atmospheric Deposition -- 4.2.3 Volcanic Input -- 4.2.4 Marine Upwelling -- 4.3 Marine Nitrogen Biogeochemistry -- 4.3.1 Biological Nitrogen Fixation -- 4.3.2 Nitrogen Assimilation -- 4.3.3 Nitrification -- 4.3.4 Denitrification -- 4.3.5 Ammonium Production in the Marine Realm -- 4.3.6 Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia -- 4.3.7 Anammox -- 4.3.8 Nitrate/Nitrite-Dependent Anaerobic Methane Oxidation -- 4.4. N-cycle in Marine Sediments -- 4.4.1 Nitrogen Fixation in Sediments -- 4.4.2 Nitrification in Marine Sediments -- 4.4.3 Denitrification in Marine Sediments -- 4.4.4 Anammox in Marine Sediments -- 4.4.5 Dissimilatory Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia In Marine Sediments -- 4.5 Nitrogen Cycling in the Northern Indian Ocean -- 4.5.1 Pelagic Nitrogen Cycle in Oxygen Minimum Zones -- 4.5.2 Sedimentary Denitrification and Anammox Rates in the Arabian Sea -- 4.6 Nitrogen isotopic values in sinking particulates -- 4.6.1 15N in Marine Sediments from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal -- 4.7 Summary -- Acknowledgement -- References -- 5 Organic Carbon in Sediments of the Western Indian Margin -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Organic Matter and Organic Carbon -- 5.3. Organic Carbon Distribution in the World Ocean and the Arabian Sea.

5.4. Methods Adopted to Determine OC in the Arabian Sea -- 5.5. Processes Responsible for Primary Productivity and Transport of Organic Carbon -- 5.6. Oxygen Minimum Zone and Organic Carbon -- 5.7. Studies Carried out on Organic Carbon from the Western Margin of India -- 5.7.1. Particulate/Dissolved Organic Carbon from the Water Column -- 5.7.2. Organic Carbon in Surface Sediments -- 5.7.3. Variations in Organic Carbon in the Sediment Cores -- 5.7.4. Early Diagenesis of Organic Matter and the Sedimentary Environment -- 5.8. Summary and Future Work -- Acknowledgement -- References -- Biome II Ocean Depths -- 6 Deep Subsurface Microbiomes of the Marine Realm -- 6.1. INTRODUCTION -- 6.2. ECOSYSTEM CONSTRAINTS IN THE MARINE DEEP SUBSURFACE -- 6.3. FACTORS CONSTRAINING THE STUDY OF MARINE DEEP SUBSURFACES -- 6.4. BIOGEOCHEMISTRY OF MARINE DEEP SUBSURFACES -- 6.4.1. Major Sites of Exploration and Their Geological Contexts -- 6.4.2. Geomicrobiology of Marine Deep Subsurfaces -- 6.4.3. Geomicrobiology of Marine Subsurfaces > -- 5 mbsf -- 6.5. SUMMING UP THE GEOMICROBIOLOGY OF THE MARINE DEEP SUBSURFACE -- 6.6. ULTRASLOW METABOLISM AND SUSTAINABILITY OF DEEP LIFE: IMPLICATIONS FOR EVOLUTION AND ASTROBIOLOGY -- REFERENCES -- 7 Biogeochemistry of Marine Petroleum Systems -- 7.1. INTRODUCTION -- 7.2. FORMATION OF OIL RESERVOIRS -- 7.3. ECOSYSTEM CONSTRAINTS AND HABITABILITY OF PETROLEUM BASINS -- 7.4. MICROBIOME FRAMEWORK OF PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS -- 7.5. MICROBIAL COMMUNITY STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS IN MARINE OIL RESERVOIRS -- 7.5.1. Anaerobic Breakdown of Hydrocarbons and Fermentation -- 7.5.2. Methanogenesis -- 7.5.3. Sulfate Reduction -- 7.6. SUMMARY VIEW OF THE POTENTIAL NETWORK OF BIOGEOCHEMICAL PROCESSES IN OFFSHORE OIL RESERVOIRS -- 7.7. EFFECTS OF BIODEGRADATION ON PETROLEUM PROPERTIES.

7.8. DELETERIOUS MICROBIAL ACTIVITIES: HYDROGEN SULFIDE PRODUCTION (SOURING) AND ITS REMEDIATION WITH NITRATE -- 7.9. IN SITU MICROBIAL PROCESSES BENEFICIAL TO OIL RECOVERY -- 7.10. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Biome III Polar Oceans -- 8 Biogeochemical Processes in the Arctic Ocean -- 8.1. Introduction -- 8.2. The Arctic Ocean and its Biogeochemistry -- 8.3. Response of the Arctic Ocean and Arctic Fjords to Climate Change -- 8.4. Biochemical Effects of Glacial Discharge on Marine Resources -- 8.5. Effect of Biochemical Changes on Primary and Secondary Production -- 8.6. Arctic Permafrost -- 8.6.1 Biogeochemistry and Significance of Arctic Permafrost -- 8.6.2 Impact of Thawing Permafrost on Arctic Environment -- 8.7. Summary and Future Perspectives -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 9 Biogeochemistry and Ecology of the Indian Sectorof the Southern Ocean -- 9.1. Introduction -- 9.2. Role of Currents and Oceanic Fronts in the Southern Ocean -- 9.3. Nutrients in the Southern Ocean -- 9.4. Southern Ocean Plankton Ecology -- 9.5. Ocean Carbonate Chemistry -- 9.6. Sea Ice and Implications for Future Global Change -- 9.7. Summary -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 10 Benthic Biome of the Southern Ocean: Present State of Knowledge and Future Perspectives -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean -- 10.2.1 The High-Nutrient Low-Chlorophyll Zone and Productivity -- 10.2.2 Antarctic Circumpolar Current -- 10.2.3 Carbon Immobilization and Benthic Carbon Flux -- 10.2.4 Retreat of Sea Ice and Benthic Blue Carbon -- 10.3 Benthic Ecoregions and Biodiversity -- 10.3.1 Meiobenthos -- 10.3.2 Macrobenthos -- 10.3.3 Megabenthos -- 10.3.4 Functional Types -- 10.4 Evolutionary Setting and Unique Trait Modalities -- 10.5 Biotic interaction -- 10.6 Dispersal and Endemism -- 10.7 Climate Change and Benthos.

10.8 Conservation and Future Perspectives -- 10.9 Conclusions -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Biogeochemistry of the Antarctic Coasts: Implications for Biodiversity and Climate Change -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Biogeochemical Cycles on the Antarctic Coast -- 11.3 Antarctic Coastal Features in the Context of Biogeochemistry and Climate Change -- 11.3.1 Sea Ice -- 11.3.2 Coastal Polynyas -- 11.3.3 Fast Ice -- 11.3.4 Ice Shelves -- 11.3.5 Ice Sheets -- 11.4 Interlink Between Biogeochemical Cycles and Climate Change -- 11.5 Floral and microbial diversity of Antarctica: Distribution and Implications for Climate Change -- 11.5.1 Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea -- 11.5.2 Diversity of Fungi -- 11.5.3 Diversity of Lichens -- 11.5.4 Diversity of Cyanobacteria -- 11.5.5 Diversity of Seaweeds -- 11.5.6 Diversity of Snow Algae -- 11.6 Climate Change and its Effect on Algal Biodiversity -- 11.7 Summary -- Acknowledgment -- References -- Biome IV Extreme Environments -- 12 Geomicrobiology at a Physicochemical Limit for Life: Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins -- 12.1. Introduction -- 12.2. Geographical and Geological Overview of Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins -- 12.3. Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins as Physicochemical Limits of the Earth's Biosphere -- 12.4. Geomicrobial Dynamics in Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins Across the Global Ocean -- 12.4.1. Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins of the Mediterranean Sea -- 12.4.2. Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins of the Red Sea -- 12.4.3. Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins of the Gulf of Mexico -- 12.4.4. The Solitary Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basin of the Black Sea -- 12.5. A Universal Biogeochemical Framework for all Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins (and Other High-Entropy O2-Scarce Marine Microbiomes?) -- 12.6. Astrobiological Implications of Deep-sea Hypersaline Anoxic Basins -- References.

"Traditionally, inorganic and organic geochemistry of water-columns and sediments has helped decipher almost all the major biogeochemical processes of the marine realm. However, in modern day science, remarkable advances in high-throughput meta-omics-based microbiological research have afforded increasing interfaces between preserved geochemical records and in situ microbial ecological information. Such cross-disciplinary studies have led to the discovery of a number of novel biogeochemical processes within the global ocean that were impossible to have been revealed previously from preserved physicochemical records alone. Systems Biogeochemistry of Major Marine Biomes presents a systemic overview of biogeochemistry across six major physiographies of the global ocean, namely, waters and sediments overlying continental margins, deep marine sub-surfaces, hypersaline and/or sulfidic marine zones, marine cold seep and hydrothermal ecosystem, Arctic and Antarctic oceans, and abyssal zones. This volume: - Reviews the state of the art advances in marine geomicrobiology - Investigates the microbiological drivers of the biogeochemical processes - Focuses on the imperatives of unique fringe and cryptic microbial processes - Studies geological manifestations/feedbacks of the microbial metabolisms - Describes data and concepts pertaining to marine geomicrobial processes as discrete parcels of geochemical, geophysical, microbiological and/or ecological information from spatially and/or biogeochemically discrete systems - Takes a systems-based approach towards the understanding of marine biogeochemical provinces - Emphasizes on the imperatives of culture-dependent/culture-independent meta-omics-based microbiological information in a systems biogeochemistry framework - Discusses evolutionary and astrobiological perspectives from some of the extreme biophysical limits of the Earth's biosphere - Covers biogeochemical regimes that hold crucial implications for planetary health and biosphere sustainability Systems Biogeochemistry of Major Marine Biomes is an invaluable resource for geochemists, geomicrobiologists, sedimentologists, marine geochemists, biogeoscientists, ocean scientists and environmental geologists"-- Provided by publisher.

Library	Material Type	Item Barcode	Shelf Number	[[missing key: search.ChildField.HOLDING]]	Status
Online Library	E-Book	597174-1001	QH343.7		Wiley E-Kitap Koleksiyonu