Preface xvii -- Part I: Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterials 1 -- 1 Top-Down Strategies Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterial 3 Pranjyan Dash and Pradeep Kumar Panda -- 1.1 Introduction 3 -- 1.2 Top-Down Strategy Synthesis Method 5 -- 1.3 Laser Ablation 10 -- 1.4 Characterizations and Toxicity of 2D Nanomaterials 11 -- 1.5 Conclusions 12 -- 2 Bottom-Up Strategies for Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterial 17 Nibedita Nath, Subhendu Chakroborty and Anita Routaray -- 2.1 Introduction 17 -- 2.2 Types of 2D Nanomaterial 18 -- 2.3 Synthesis Strategies 21 -- 2.4 Bottom-Up Strategies for Synthesis of 2D Nanomaterial 26 -- 2.5 Conclusion and Outlook 32 -- 3 Unveiling the Intricacies: Characterization Techniques for 2D Nanomaterials 43 Siba Soren, Subhendu Chakroborty, Rudra N. Purusottam and Amiya Ranjan Panda -- 3.1 Introduction 44 -- 3.2 Characterization Techniques 45 -- 3.3 Conclusion 53 -- Part II: Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 59 -- 4 Crystal Structure, Magnetic and Mechanical Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 61 Nandini Roy -- 4.1 Introduction 62 -- 4.2 Structure of 2D Materials 62 -- 4.2.1 Graphene 62 -- 4.3 Magnetic 2D Materials 65 -- 4.4 Origin of Magnetization in 2D Materials 65 -- 4.5 Mechanical Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 66 -- 4.6 Conclusion 68 -- 5 Electrical, Plasmonic, and Optical Properties of 2D Nanomaterials 73 Ankita Subhrasmita Gadtya and Srikanta Moharana -- 5.1 Introduction 74 -- 5.2 Overview of Two-Dimensional Nanomaterials (2D NMs) 77 -- 5.3 Electrical Properties of 2D NMs 80 -- 5.4 Optical Properties of 2D NMs 84 -- 5.5 Plasmonic Properties of 2D NMs 85 -- 5.6 Recent Applications of 2D NMs 87 -- 5.7 Challenges and Prospective 93 -- 5.8 Conclusion 93 -- Part III: Application of 2D Nanomaterials 103 -- 6 Challenges Surrounding 2D Nanomaterials and Their Application to Photocatalytic Industrial Wastewater Treatment 105 Anchit Modi and N. K. Gaur -- 6.1 Introduction 106 -- 6.2 Photocatalysis for Industrial Wastewater Treatment 107 -- 6.3 2D Nanomaterials in Photocatalysis 110 -- 6.4 Challenges in Utilizing 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Wastewater Treatment 112 -- 6.5 Strategies to Overcome Challenges 113 -- 6.6 Case Studies and Applications 114 -- 6.7 Conclusion 116 -- 7 Application of 2D Nanomaterials for Energy Storage 121 Tulasi Barik and Subhendu Chakroborty -- 7.1 Introduction 121 -- 7.2 2D Nanomaterials for Application of Lithium Ion Batteries 122 -- 7.3 Application of 2D Nanomaterials in Sodium Ion Batteries 129 -- 7.4 Application of 2D Nanomaterials in Potassium Ion Batteries 134 -- 7.5 Applications of 2D Nanomaterials in Supercapacitors 137 -- 8 Innovation in Photoinduced Antibacterial 2D Nanomaterials 155 Zubaid ul Khazir Rather, Shabnam Kawoosa, Gulam Nabi Yatoo, Mohd Asif Hajam, Sajad Ahmed Bhat and Javid Ahmed Banday -- 8.1 Introduction 156 -- 8.2 Antibacterial Applications Based on Graphene-Induced Photostimulation 159 -- 8.3 Antibacterial Mechanisms of Graphene-Based Family 168 -- 8.4 Conclusion 172 -- 9 2D Nanomaterials for Drug Delivery System 185 Syed Muzammil Munawar, Dhandayuthabani Rajendiran and Kaleel Basha Sabjan -- 9.1 Introduction 186 -- 9.2 2D Material Biosynthesis 190 -- 9.3 Encapsulation of 2D Materials 192 -- 9.4 Hydrogel Encapsulation--2D Materials 193 -- 9.5 2D Material Encapsulation--Liposomes 194 -- 9.6 2D Supply Encapsulation--Micelle 195 -- 9.7 Stimuli Responsive 2D Material SDDSs--Classification 195 -- 9.8 Light-Sensitive SDDSs 196 -- 9.9 Magnetic Field-Responsive SDDSs 196 -- 9.10 Various Response Exhibits Diverse--Advantages/ Disadvantages 197 -- 9.11 2D Material SDDS Therapy--Cancer 197 -- 9.12 Antibacterial 198 -- 9.13 Orthopedic 200 -- 9.14 Diabetes Mellitus 200 -- 9.15 2D Materials in Intelligent Drug Delivery System--Advantages 201 -- 9.16 Disadvantages 201 -- 9.17 Conclusion and Future Perspective 202 -- 10 New Technology 2D Nanomaterials for Neural Tissue Engineering 209 Banti Baishya, Saurav Paul, Hillol Das, Utsab Singha and Dipyaman Mohanta -- 10.1 Introduction 210 -- 10.2 Regeneration of Tissue and Organ Repair in Nature 211 -- 10.3 Nanotechnology and Neural Tissue Engineering 214 -- 10.4 2D Nanomaterials for Tissue Engineering Application 218 -- 10.5 2D Nanomaterials and Peripheral Nerve Engineering 224 -- 10.6 Application of 2D Nanomaterials in Spinal Cord Repair 231 -- 10.7 2D Nanomaterials for Drug/Gene Delivery 233 -- 10.8 Challenges and Prospects 234 -- 11 Theranostic Approach of 2D Nanomaterials in Breast Cancer 241 Pravati Panda, Subhendu Chakroborty and Kaushik Pal -- 11.1 Introduction 242 -- 11.2 Applications 243 -- 12 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 263 -- Grandprix T. M. Kadja, St Mardiana and Arxhel S. F. Nanda -- 12.1 Introduction 264 -- 12.2 Basics of Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 265 -- 12.3 2D Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production 267 -- 12.4 Enhancing the Photocatalytic Performance 276 -- 12.5 Conclusion and Outlook 280 -- 13 Supercapacitor Based on 2D Nanomaterials and Their Hybrid 289 Anupam Kumar and Arun Rathore -- 13.1 Introduction 290 -- 13.2 Structure Design of 2D Nanomaterial-Based Supercapacitors 297 -- 13.3 2D Nanomaterials for Supercapacitor Technology 301 -- 13.4 Conclusions 307 -- 14 2D Nanomaterials Based for Electrocatalytic Application 315 Anchit Modi, D. K. Gupta, Jitendra Malviya and N. K. Gaur -- 14.1 Introduction 316 -- 14.2 Types of 2D Nanomaterials 318 -- 14.3 Electrocatalytic Reactions Enabled by 2D Nanomaterials 320 -- 14.4 Challenges and Future Perspectives 325 -- 14.5 Conclusion 327 -- 15 Engineering 2D Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications 333 Swaati Sharma, Hardeep Kaur, Mansi Thakur and Shinar Athwal -- 15.1 Introduction 334 -- 15.2 Synthesis of Nanomaterials 337 -- 15.3 Nanomaterials for Cancer Treatment 338 -- 15.4 Difference of 2D Materials from Bulk Materials 339 -- 15.5 2DNMS for Next-Generation Quantum and Electronic Devices 352 -- 15.6 Functionalized Hybridization of 2D Nanomaterials 352 -- 16 The Potential Applications of 2D Nanomaterials for Water Purification 361 Hardeep Kaur, Swaati Sharma, Shinar Athwal, Mansi Thakur, Meenakshi Verma and Vishal Mutreja -- 16.1 Introduction 362 -- 16.2 Contaminants Present in Water 363 -- 16.3 2D Nanomaterial-Based Water Purification Membranes 364 -- 16.4 Solar Desalination Membrane 365 -- 16.5 Filtration Membrane 367 -- 16.6 Properties of Widely Used 2DM for Water Purification 369 -- 16.7 Synthesis of 2DM 376 -- 16.8 Adsorption of Contaminants From Water 382 -- 16.9 Photocatalytic Purification of Water 387 -- 16.10 Conclusion and Future Prospects 389 -- 17 Insights into the Exciton Dynamics of Functionalized 2D Nanomaterials for Robust Photoelectrochemical Sensing Applications 397 Dipyaman Mohanta, Koushik Barman, Abhinandan Mahanta, Bishal Bhuyan and Arpita Paul Chowdhury -- 17.1 Introduction 398 -- 17.2 Basic Theory and Working Principle of Photoelectrochemical Sensing 400 -- 17.3 Experimental Setup of Photoelectrochemical Cell 401 -- 17.4 Importance of Photoactive Material in Photoelectrochemical Sensing 402 -- 17.5 2D Nanomaterials in Photoelectrochemical Sensing 403 -- 17.6 Current Challenges and Future Prospects 407 -- 17.7 Conclusion 408 -- 18 Fabrication of 2D Nanomaterials-Based Biosensor 415 Arpita Paul Chowdhury, M. Dinamani and K. S. Anantharaju -- 18.1 Introduction 415 -- 18.2 2D Nanomaterial Synthesis Strategies 417 -- 18.3 Role of 2D Materials in Biosensor 418 -- 18.4 Conclusions and Future Prospective 426 -- 19 Transition Metal Dichalcogenide (TMD)-Based 2D Nanomaterials for Various Kinds of Rechargeable Batteries 435 Periyakaruppan Karuppasamy and Varatharaj Rajapanian -- 19.1 Introduction 436 -- 19.2 Synthesis of 2D-TMDCs 440 -- 19.3 Applications of 2D-Transition Metal Di-Chalcogenides (2D-TMDCs) in Various Categories of Rechargeable Batteries 443 -- 19.4 Conclusion 461 -- 20 Effect of 2D Nanomaterial Addition to Performance and Emission Characteristics of Diesel Engine 475 Geetesh Goga and M. V. B. Unnamatla -- 20.1 Introduction 476 -- 20.2 Performance Characteristics 477 -- 20.3 Emission Characteristics 481 -- 20.4 Conclusion 484 -- References 485 -- Index 489.