List of Exercises x -- Preface xiii -- About This Book xv -- How to Read This Book xvi -- Acknowledgements xviii -- About the Companion Website xix -- Introduction xxi -- Chapter 1 Microprocessor System 1 -- 1.1 Introduction 2 -- 1.2 Processor 3 -- 1.3 Memory 5 -- 1.4 Memory Devices 7 -- 1.5 Bus 10 -- 1.6 IO Ports 14 -- 1.7 Reset, Clock and Power Management 16 -- 1.8 Overview of Arm Cortex-M0 Processor 17 -- 1.9 Summary 20 -- Chapter 2 Instruction Set Architecture 25 -- 2.1 Introduction 25 -- 2.2 Registers 27 -- 2.3 Instruction Set 28 -- 2.4 Structure of an Instruction 30 -- 2.5 Data-Processing Instructions 33 -- 2.6 Memory-Access Instructions 37 -- 2.7 Program-Control Instructions 43 -- 2.8 Summary 47 -- Chapter 3 Program Execution 49 -- 3.1 Introduction 49 -- 3.2 Program 50 -- 3.3 Inside the CPU 52 -- 3.4 Fetch Unit 55 -- 3.5 Decode Unit 57 -- 3.6 Execution Unit 59 -- 3.7 Instruction Execution 63 -- 3.8 Processor Pipeline 66 -- 3.9 Summary 68 -- Chapter 4 Assembly Programming 71 -- 4.1 Statements 72 -- 4.2 Labels 73 -- 4.3 Sections 75 -- 4.4 Text Section 77 -- 4.5 Data Sections 84 -- 4.6 Summary 90 -- Chapter 5 Arithmetic Operations 93 -- 5.1 Arithmetic Instructions 94 -- 5.2 Unsigned Integers 96 -- 5.3 Signed Integers 99 -- 5.4 APSR Flags 101 -- 5.5 Condition Codes 106 -- 5.6 Summary 110 -- Chapter 6 Bit-Level Operations 113 -- 6.1 Boolean Instructions 114 -- 6.2 Bit Manipulation 116 -- 6.3 Shift Operations 119 -- 6.4 Word-Length Extension 125 -- 6.5 Byte Ordering Instructions 127 -- 6.6 Summary 129 -- Chapter 7 Load and Store Operations 131 -- 7.1 Introduction 131 -- 7.2 Alignment 133 -- 7.3 Endianness 135 -- 7.4 Basic Load and Store Operations 140 -- 7.5 Data Types 142 -- 7.6 Offset Addressing 145 -- 7.7 Summary 153 -- Chapter 8 Branch and Subroutine 155 -- 8.1 Program-Control Instructions 155 -- 8.2 Branch 156 -- 8.3 Conditional Branch 158 -- 8.4 Indirect Branch 162 -- 8.5 Subroutines 166 -- 8.6 Nested Subroutines 169 -- 8.7 Summary 173 -- Chapter 9 Stack Operations 175 -- 9.1 Introduction 175 -- 9.2 What Is a Stack? 177 -- 9.3 Stack in Cortex-M 0 178 -- 9.4 Stack Operations 180 -- 9.5 Creating a Stack 182 -- 9.6 Using the Stack 185 -- 9.7 Local Variables 190 -- 9.8 Summary 193 -- Chapter 10 Exceptions 195 -- 10.1 Introduction 196 -- 10.2 Exception Model 198 -- 10.3 Vector Table 200 -- 10.4 Reset 206 -- 10.5 Faults 209 -- 10.6 Exception Stack Frame 211 -- 10.7 Summary 215 -- Chapter 11 SysTick and Core Interrupts 217 -- 11.1 Introduction 218 -- 11.2 SysTick 218 -- 11.3 SysTick Programming Model 219 -- 11.4 Programming SysTick 222 -- 11.5 Using SysTick 224 -- 11.6 Polling with SysTick 226 -- 11.7 SysTick Interrupts 228 -- 11.8 Interrupt Masking 232 -- 11.9 Non-maskable Interrupt (NMI) 235 -- 11.10 Summary 237 -- Chapter 12 Introduction to C Programming 239 -- 12.1 Programming Languages 240 -- 12.2 Structure of a C Program 241 -- 12.3 Functions 244 -- 12.4 Data 247 -- 12.5 Header Files 250 -- 12.6 Overview of C Language 257 -- 12.7 Summary 259 -- Chapter 13 Basic Data Types 263 -- 13.1 Characters and Strings 263 -- 13.2 Integers 268 -- 13.3 Floating-Point Numbers 277 -- 13.4 Floating-Point Operations 280 -- 13.5 Type-Casting 284 -- 13.6 Summary 285 -- Chapter 14 Functions 289 -- 14.1 Function Calls 290 -- 14.2 Arguments 292 -- 14.3 Local Variables 295 -- 14.4 Conditional Execution 297 -- 14.5 Selection 301 -- 14.6 Loops 305 -- 14.7 Summary 312 -- Chapter 15 Extended Data Types 315 -- 15.1 Arrays 315 -- 15.2 Structures 319 -- 15.3 Pointers 323 -- 15.4 Arrays and Pointers 327 -- 15.5 Pointer to a Structure 330 -- 15.6 Pointer Arithmetic 332 -- 15.7 Uninitialized Pointers 334 -- 15.8 Summary 339 -- Chapter 16 Compilation Process 341 -- 16.1 Overview of the Compilation Process 342 -- 16.2 Preprocessing 345 -- 16.3 Compilation 348 -- 16.4 Assembler 354 -- 16.5 Linker 357 -- 16.6 Executable Program 361 -- 16.7 Summary 364 -- Chapter 17 Microcontroller 367 -- 17.1 Introduction 368 -- 17.2 Block Diagram 369 -- 17.3 Pin Diagram 372 -- 17.4 Reset, Clock and Power Management 373 -- 17.5 Peripheral Interrupts 379 -- 17.6 Peripheral Registers 382 -- 17.7 Peripheral API 387 -- 17.8 Summary 389 -- Chapter 18 IO Programming 393 -- 18.1 IO Devices 394 -- 18.2 GPIO 396 -- 18.3 Timer 400 -- 18.4 ADC 403 -- 18.5 DAC 407 -- 18.6 UART 410 -- 18.7 Interrupts 414 -- 18.8 Summary 419 -- Chapter 19 Microprocessor Applications 423 -- 19.1 LED Brightness Controller 424 -- 19.2 Ambient Light Sensor 427 -- 19.3 Energy-Efficient Coding 430 -- 19.4 Temperature Monitoring 433 -- 19.5 Motor Speed Control 435 -- 19.6 Summary 441 -- Appendix A Programming Environment 443 -- A.1 Introduction 444 -- A.2 Keil MDK 446 -- A.3 Assembly Programming Setup 449 -- A.4 Writing and Building Assembly Programs 452 -- A.5 Debugging an Assembly Program 454 -- A.6 c Programming Setup 458 -- A.7 Writing and Building C Program 460 -- A.8 Debugging A C Program 461 -- A.9 Debugger 464 -- Appendix B Advanced Topics 467 -- B.1 System-Control Instructions 467 -- B.2 OS Support 470 -- Appendix C Startup Code 475 -- C.1 OS-Less System 475 -- C.2 Startup Code 478 -- C.3 Linker Script File 481 -- Appendix D AM0 Header Files 483 -- D.1 Register Header File 483 -- D.2 AM0 Header File 484 -- Glossary of Acronyms 487 -- References 491 -- Index 493.