Preface xxi -- Acknowledgments xxxv -- Introduction xxvii -- Part I Laying the Foundation 1 -- I.1 LTE Fundamentals 3 -- I.1.1 Introduction 3 -- I.1.2 LTE Network Architecture 4 -- I.1.3 LTE Identifiers 5 -- I.1.4 Broadcast Signals/Messages and Cell Selection 9 -- I.1.5 What Happens When a UE Is Switched On? 10 -- I.1.6 LTE Resource Grid 15 -- I.1.7 RACH Procedure 15 -- I.1.8 RRC Connection Setup 15 -- I.1.9 Non- access Stratum Procedures 15 -- I.1.10 DL Packet Transmission 27 -- I.1.11 UL Packet Transmission 33 -- I.1.12 Encryption 35 -- I.1.13 Channel Estimation 37 -- I.1.14 Layer 2 Protocols 38 -- I.1.15 Cell Reselection 47 -- I.1.16 Connected Mode Mobility 53 -- I.1.17 Timing Advance 55 -- I.1.18 Summary 58 -- Reference 59 -- Part I.2 NR Fundamentals 61 -- I.2.1 5G NR Fundamentals 63 -- I.2.1.1 5G NR Introduction 63 -- I.2.1.2 Channel Bandwidth 66 -- I.2.1.3 NR Network Architecture 69 -- I.2.1.4 RAN Evolution 74 -- I.2.1.5 Summary 92 -- References 92 -- I.2.2 NR Physical Layer 93 -- I.2.2.1 Introduction 93 -- I.2.2.2 Physical Channels and Reference Signals 93 -- I.2.2.3 NR UE Acquisition 97 -- I.2.2.4 Control Resource Set 100 -- I.2.2.5 NR UE Scheduling 105 -- I.2.2.6 NR PUCCH Operations 106 -- I.2.2.7 NR MIMO Operations 111 -- I.2.2.8 NR Power Control 112 -- I.2.2.9 Summary 114 -- Reference 114 -- I.2.3 Beamforming and Massive MIMO 115 -- I.2.3.1 Introduction 115 -- I.2.3.2 Beamforming - Spatial Diversity 116 -- I.2.3.3 Beam Management 119 -- I.2.3.4 Massive MIMO, Operation in UL and dl 119 -- I.2.3.5 Summary 126 -- Further Reading 127 -- I.2.4 NR Millimeter Wave 129 -- I.2.4.1 mmWave Introduction 129 -- I.2.4.2 Mitigative Techniques to Operate with mmWave 130 -- I.2.4.3 Summary 132 -- References 132 -- I.2.5 NR Unlicensed 135 -- I.2.5.1 Introduction 135 -- I.2.5.2 Techniques Introduced in 3GPP to Aid NR- U 137 -- I.2.5.3 Summary 143 -- References 143 -- I.2.6 NR Mobility 145 -- I.2.6.1 Introduction 145 -- I.2.6.2 Connected Mode Mobility - NSA Option 3 Family 152 -- I.2.6.3 Summary 153 -- References 153 -- I.2.7 NR Protocols 157 -- I.2.7.1 Introduction 157 -- I.2.7.2 NSA Option 3 Mode of Operation 158 -- I.2.7.3 5G NR RRC States: SA Option 2 159 -- I.2.7.4 PDCP Duplication 159 -- I.2.7.5 SDAP Layer 161 -- I.2.7.6 PDCP Functions 163 -- I.2.7.7 RLC Functions 163 -- I.2.7.8 MAC Layer 164 -- I.2.7.9 Summary 167 -- References 167 -- I.3 Standards 171 -- I.3.1 3gpp 171 -- I.3.2 WinnForum Specifications for Shared Spectrum Usage 172 -- I.3.3 OnGo Alliance 176 -- I.3.4 Small Cell Forum 178 -- I.3.5 GSMA 178 -- I.3.6 5G ACIA 182 -- I.3.7 O- RAN Alliance 183 -- I.3.8 National Spectrum Consortium 185 -- I.3.9 Summary 185 -- References 186 -- Part II Technological Framework 187 -- Part II.1 Radio Access Network Aspects 189 -- II.1.1 Global Private Spectrum Allocations 191 -- II.1.1.1 Introduction 191 -- Ii.1.1.2 Pathss 196 -- Ii.1.1.3 Summary 197 -- References 197 -- II.1.2 CBRS Fundamentals 199 -- II.1.2.1 Concept of Shared Spectrum 199 -- II.1.2.2 CBRS Overview 201 -- II.1.2.3 CBRS Spectrum 203 -- II.1.2.4 CBRS User Categories 205 -- II.1.2.5 PAL Channel Allocation 207 -- II.1.2.6 Secondary Market 207 -- II.1.2.7 CBRS Architecture 208 -- II.1.2.8 Environmental Sensing Capability 211 -- II.1.2.9 Domain Proxy 211 -- II.1.2.10 Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device (CBSD) - eNB/gNB 211 -- II.1.2.11 CBRS Identifiers 213 -- II.1.2.12 CBSD Interactions with the SAS 217 -- II.1.2.13 User Equipment 218 -- II.1.2.14 Summary 219 -- References 219 -- II.1.3 RAN Scheduler 221 -- II.1.3.1 Introduction 221 -- II.1.3.2 Background 221 -- II.1.3.3 Typical Goals of a RAN Scheduler 222 -- II.1.3.4 Scheduler Configurations 223 -- II.1.3.5 Per Flow Input Parameters 225 -- II.1.3.6 UE Scheduler Fairness Time- Period Window 225 -- II.1.3.7 Fairness Factor 225 -- II.1.3.8 CQI Bias (W CQI) 226 -- II.1.3.9 Packet Delay Budget Weight (W PDB) 227 -- II.1.3.10 Per Flow Instantaneous Scheduling Priority 227 -- II.1.3.11 PFS Implementation 228 -- II.1.3.12 Summary 231 -- Further Reading 231 -- II.1.4 RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) 233 -- II.1.4.1 Introduction 233 -- II.1.4.2 AI/ML for 5G in 3GPP 235 -- II.1.4.3 RIC High- Level Architecture 237 -- II.1.4.4 RIC Architecture 237 -- II.1.4.5 A1 and E2 Compliance 247 -- II.1.4.6 Integration with NWDAF 248 -- II.1.4.7 Summary 250 -- References 250 -- II.1. 5 Enterprise RAN Slice 253 -- II.1.5.1 Introduction 253 -- II.1.5.2 MNO Users Obtaining Resources from NHN Deployments 257 -- II.1.5.3 Enterprise Slice RAN Resource Management Concept Proposal for PNI- NPN 265 -- II.1.5.4 Summary 271 -- References 272 -- II.1.6 Self- organizing Networks (SON) 273 -- II.1.6.1 Graph Theory Application for Self- Organizing Networks 273 -- II.1.6.2 SON Algorithm Definition 278 -- II.1.6.3 SAS Functions 280 -- II.1.6.4 Summary 293 -- References 293 -- II.1.7 Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) Techniques 295 -- II.1.7.1 Introduction 295 -- II.1.7.2 Introduction of ICIC Features 295 -- II.1.7.3 Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) 298 -- II.1.7.4 FFR for CBRS 305 -- Ii.1.7.5 Proposal for Implementation FFR 307 -- Ii.1.7.6 Summary 309 -- References 310 -- Part II.2 Cellular Core Network 311 -- II.2.1 Converged Core 313 -- II.2.1.1 Introduction 313 -- II.2.1.2 LTE and NR End- to- End Architecture 314 -- II.2.1.3 LTE and NR Evolution Toward a Converged Core 320 -- II.2.1.4 Converged Core EPC to 5GC 341 -- II.2.1.5 Summary 347 -- References 351 -- II.2.2 Network Interfaces 353 -- II.2.2.1 Introduction 353 -- II2.2.2 LTE Network Interfaces 353 -- II.2.2.3 5G Protocol Stack 360 -- II.2.2.4 Summary 364 -- References 364 -- II.2.3 Security 367 -- II.2.3.1 Introduction 367 -- II.2.3.2 Zero Trust 368 -- II.2.3.3 Security Aspects of 4G/5G Networks 370 -- II.2.3.4 Mobile Security and Network Access Control 376 -- II.2.3.5 4G and 5G Authentication Summary View 381 -- II.2.3.6 4G/5G and Wi- Fi Security Comparisons 382 -- II.2.3.7 Summary 384 -- Further Reading 384 -- II.2. 4 Network Slices 387 -- II.2.4.1 Introduction 387 -- II.2.4.2 QoS Handling in LTE and NR 388 -- II.2.4.3 NR Slices 400 -- II.2.4.4 UE Slice Setup/Mobility Call Flow 405 -- II.2.4.5 NR Slices 407 -- II.2.4.6 LTE Slices 407 -- II.2.4.7 RAN Slice Approaches 410 -- II.2.4.8 Slices E2E 410 -- II.2.4.9 Enterprise Implementation Implications 412 -- II.2.4.10 Summary 413 -- References 413 -- Part II.3 Neutral Host Networks 417 -- II.3.1 Neutral Host Network 419 -- II.3.1.1 Overview 419 -- II.3.1.2 Comparisons with DAS Solutions 427 -- II.3.1.3 Enterprise Network as a Neutral Host 429 -- II.3.1.4 Summary 456 -- References 457 -- II.3.2 Admission and Congestion Control 459 -- II.3.2.1 Introduction 459 -- II.3.2.2 Summary 462 -- References 462 -- II.4 Nonpublic Networks 465 -- II.4.1 Overview of Nonpublic Networks 465 -- II.4.2 Stand- Alone Nonpublic Networks 465 -- II.4.3 Public Network Integrated Nonpublic Networks (PNI- NPN) 470 -- II.4.4 Summary 474 -- References 475 -- II.5 Device Provisioning 477 -- II.5.1 Introduction 477 -- II.5.2 Credential Provisioning Framework 478 -- II.5.3 Credential Distribution Process 479 -- II.5.4 SIM Provisioning Models 481 -- II.5.5 Summary 483 -- References 483 -- Part III Enterprise Applications 485 -- III.1 Part III: Enterprise Applications 487 -- III.2 IIoT Protocols 489 -- III.2.1 Introduction 489 -- III.2.2 Industrial IoT (IIoT) Communication Protocols 489 -- III.2.3 Profinet 492 -- III.2.4 OPC UA 505 -- III.2.5 TSN 509 -- III.2.6 DetNet 512 -- III.2.7 Summary 515 -- III.3 IIoT with DetNet and TSN 517 -- III.3.1 Introduction 517 -- III.3.2 Integration of IIoT with 5G System 523 -- III.3.3 5G Features for TSN, TSCTSF, DetNet 525 -- III.3.4 Summary 527 -- References 527 -- III.4 Private Network Verticals 529 -- III.4.1 Ad Hoc Networks 529 -- III.4.2 Big Box Retail 531 -- III.4.3 Campus Emergencies 533 -- III.4.4 Collaborating Organizations 535 -- III.4.5 Conference Centers 538 -- III.4.6 Educational Institutions 540 -- III.4.7 Offices 545 -- III.4.8 Ports 546 -- III.4.9 Warehouse 548 -- III.4.10 Summary 550 -- Looking Ahead 551 -- Acronyms 563 -- Index 573.