This book provides a clinical and methodological guide to equipment (ventilator, ventilatory modes, monitoring) and NIV techniques to avoid progression to respiratory failure during interventional and endoscopic procedures. In awake patients, the use of noninvasive technique can optimize the performance of procedures and avoid the development of respiratory failure. The volume represents a tool to facilitate the use of NIV approach in high-risk patients to prevent or treat respiratory failure during medical and surgical procedures such as neurosurgery, thoracic, abdominal and neuropsychiatric procedures. The book is useful for a wide number of specialties (Critical Care, Emergency Medicine, Anesthesiology, Pneumology, Cardiology, and Surgery), and as a reference tool for multiple procedures, and for specialists perform upper endoscopy and sedation in vulnerable high-risk patients with respiratory failure.