This book offers a comprehensive overview of structural and functional neuroimaging findings related to the pathophysiology of primary and secondary headaches. In addition, it provides recommendations for best practice and decision-making in ordering neuroimaging investigation when faced with patients suffering from a vast range of headache types, whether in everyday practice, or in an ambulance or emergency room. Hopefully, this book will promote the adequate use of cutting-edge neuroimaging in headache research and in ongoing clinical trials in major neurology centers in Europe and worldwide. The structure of the book is designed to cover the basic principles of neuroimaging that neurologists should be aware of when making decisions about headache management, scientifically based recommendations for the application of different neuroimaging protocols in the emergency department and in the neurological clinic, the latest findings from advanced neuroimaging related to migraine without and with aura, chronic migraine and medication overuse headache, cluster headache, trigeminal neuralgia and other forms of headache and orofacial pain. Finally, the book contains a chapter on future directions in headache neuroimaging and the implementation of machine and deep learning algorithms in the neuroimaging and classification of headaches and the prediction of treatment outcomes. Neurologists, radiologists and physicians involved in pain medicine will benefit from this book, by having access to comprehensive, state-of-the-art knowledge on research and clinical practice in the field of headache neuroimaging. Furthermore, it could be a compendium for medical students and residents who are usually introduced to headache neuroimaging through multidisciplinary university programmes. Headache patients will also benefit from this book, being helped to better understand their condition from a neuroimaging techniques perspective.