Extremophile fishes: An Introduction -- Low-Oxygen Lifestyles -- The Adaptive Radiation of Notothenioid Fishes in the Waters of Antarctica -- Desert Environments -- Hypersaline Environments -- Life in the Fast Lane: A Review of Rheophily in Freshwater Fishes -- Hydrogen Sulfide-Toxic Habitats -- Cave Environments -- Pickled Fish Anyone? -- Temporary Environments -- Evolutionary Toxicology: Population Adaptation in Response to Anthropogenic Pollution -- Extremophile fishes: an integrative synthesis.