"In terms of the number of equipment in a plant for the energy industries such as Oil, Gas and Petrochemicals, Power plants, as well as the Food, Pharmaceutical industries, heat exchangers, especially the Shell & Tube type, have the largest number and of course with a high price. Normally, each exchanger in the plant is unique and has no available spare in the market. So, if they fail during the operation of the production process, the related unit should be shut down first, and then it should proceed to repair the failure immediately which normally is not easy work and sometimes needs to remove the heat exchanger from the unit and sending it to the shop for repairment. Such failures result in a loss in time and production. The main failure of the shell & tube heat exchangers is due to improper thermal design and the emergence of the phenomenon of tubes vibrating simultaneously with each other during operation. This phenomenon should be reviewed carefully and analyzed in the thermal design stage to be avoided it during the operation and production phases."-- Provided by publisher.