Part I. Pediatric Sedation Outside the Operating Room -- 1. The History of Sedation -- 2. Sedation Policies, Recommendations and Guidelines Across the Specialties and Continents -- 3. Procedural Sedation: Let's Review the Basics -- 4. The Pre-Sedation Assessment and Implications on Management -- 5. Sedation Scales and Discharge Criteria: How Do They Differ? Which One to Choose? Do They Really Apply to Sedation? -- 6. Physiological Monitoring for Procedural Sedation: The Routine and Beyond -- 7. The Pediatric Airway: Anatomy, Challenges and Solutions -- 8. Pediatric Physiology: How Does It Differ from Adults? -- 9. The Pharmacology and Clinical Application of Sedatives, Analgesics, and Adjuncts -- 10. Sedatives: Effects on Memory and Amnesia -- 11. Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in the Pediatric Population -- 12. Billing and Reimbursement for Sedation Services in the United States -- Part II. Sedation Models Delivered by Different Specialties: A Global Voyage -- 13. The Pediatric Hospital Medicine Service: Models, Protocols and Challenges -- 14. The Anesthesia Directed Sedation Service: Models, Protocols and Challenges -- 15. Sedation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: International Practice -- 16. Sedation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Challenges, Outcomes and Future Strategies in the United States -- 17. Sedation in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: Current Practice in Europe -- 18. Sedation for Pediatric Gastrointestinal Procedures -- 19. Sedation in the Emergency Department: A Complex and Multifactorial Challenge -- 20. Sedation of Pediatric Patients for Dental Procedures: The United States, European and South American Experience -- 21. Pediatric Sedation: The European Experience and Approach -- 22. Pediatric Sedation: The South American Approach -- 23. Pediatric Sedation: The Asian Approach - Current State of Sedation in China -- 24. Pediatric Sedation: The South Pacific Approach -- 25. Pediatric Sedation in the Underdeveloped Third World - An African Perspective: Models, Protocols and Challenges -- Part III. Safety in Sedation -- 26. Pediatric Sedatives and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Challenges, Limitations and Drugs in Development -- 27. Is there Evidence for Long-term Neurocognitive Effects of Sedatives? -- 28. Incidence and Stratification of Adverse Events Associated with Sedation: Is there a Benchmark? -- 29. Medicolegal Risks and Outcomes of Sedation -- 30. Improving the Safety of Pediatric Sedation - Human Error, Technology and Clinical Microsystems -- Part IV. Sedation into the 22nd Century -- 31. Intravenous Infusions for Sedation: Rationale, State of the Art and Future Trends -- 32. Usage of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Pediatric Sedation -- 33. Pediatric Research: Designing, Implementing, and Interpreting Strong Trials -- 34. Non-pharmacological Distraction Techniques as Sedation Adjunct -- 35. The Role of Simulation in Safety and Training -- 36. Michael Jackson: Medical Ethics and What Went Wrong -- 37. Ethics and ClinicalAspects of Palliative Sedation in the Terminally Ill Child -- 38. Future of Pediatric Sedation.