Preface -- Part I: The Sporting Brain -- Sports Performance and the Brain -- Brain Activity during Motor Imagery -- Brain Oscillations and Athletic Performance -- Intra- and Inter-Person Coordinated Movements of Fingers and Toes -- Training Locomotor Function -- On the Structure of Movement Preparation -- Muscle Relaxation and Sports -- Neural Mechanisms of Muscle Cramp -- Task Difficulty Affects the Association Between Childhood Fitness and Cognitive Flexibility -- Part II: The Physiological Basis of Sports Performance -- Genetic Polymorphisms associated with Elite Athlete Status -- Resting Energy Expenditure in Japanese Athletes -- Health Issues and Dietary Strategies for Heavy Athletes -- High Fat Diet and Endurance Exercise Performance -- Nonuniform Muscle Hypertrophy along the Length Induced by Resistance Training -- Quantitative Profiles of the Quadriceps Femoris in Sport Athletes -- Jump Performance Enhancement Induced by Countermovement -- Can a High-Intensity Contraction be Enhanced by a Conditioning Contraction? Insight from the Relationship between Shortening Velocity of Muscle Fibers and Post activation Potentiation -- Is Graduated Pressure Profile an Essential Feature for Compression Stockings to Reduce Fatigue Development of the Plantar Flexors? -- Exercise in Space: Physical and mental benefit -- Part III: Performance and Coaching in Various Sports -- Energetic Considerations in Cross-Country Skiing -- Biomechanical Analysis of V2 Skating in Cross-Country Skiing -- Limb Force Generation as a Limiting Factor for Maximum-effort Acceleration Performance -- Optimal Technique, Variability and Control in Gymnastics -- Activity of the Trunk and Leg Musculature during the Flutter Kick -- Open Water Swimming Performance -- The Spin on a Baseball for Eight Different Pitches Thrown by an Elite Professional Pitcher -- Baseball Hitting Accuracy and Contributing Factors -- Automatic Tracking of Player Locations from Video Image of Football Game -- Conceptualization of Coaching Process and Coaching Practice.