Why is genetic modification of interest or why can it be useful? / A perspective on the evolution of genetic manipulation of biological materials, both plant and animal / How are genes modified? Crossbreeding, mutagenesis, and CRISPR-Cas9 / Can genetic modification go wrong, and what if it does? / GM food and human health / Genetically modified (GM) food in South Africa / Genetically modified bananas for communities of the great lakes region of Africa / Trends in genetically modified crops development in Nigeria : issues and challenges / GMOs in Argentina / Controversial issues : Brazil case studies / GM crops and conventional or organic agriculture coexistence in EU regulation / The impact of GM crops on agriculture / What is the benefit of irradiation compared to other methods of food preservation? / Irradiation kills microbes : can it do anything harmful to the food? / Can irradiated food have an influence on people's health? / Safety of irradiated food / Novel processing technologies : facts about irradiation and other technologies / Conclusions