Frontmatter -- Contents -- Preface -- 1. Introduction -- Part I Multidisciplinary perspectives -- 2. Phenomenological perspectives -- 3. Demographic perspectives -- 4. Language rights perspectives -- 5. Educational perspectives -- Part II Multilingual Cities Project: national and local perspectives -- 6. Methodological considerations -- 7. Multilingualism in Göteborg -- 8. Multilingualism in Hamburg -- 9. Multilingualism in The Hague -- 10. Multilingualism in Brussels -- 11. Multilingualism in Lyon -- 12. Multilingualism in Madrid -- Part III Multilingual Cities Project: crossnational and crosslinguistic perspectives -- 13. Crossnational perspectives on language groups -- 14. Crosslinguistic perspectives on language groups -- 15. Crossnational perspectives on community language teaching -- 16. Conclusions and discussion -- Appendices