SECTION I: Background and Basics. Introduction. Technical Aspects of Laparoscopy and Instruments. Operative Requirements and Skills. SECTION II: Kidney Surgery . Peritoneal Access to the Kidney. Retroperitoneal Access to the Kidney. Renal Cyst Marsupiliasiation. Retroperitoneal Nephrectomy. Transperitoneal Nephrectomy. Radical Tumor Nephrectomy. Partial Nephrectomy. Nephroureterctomy with Bladder Cuff. Transperitoneal Donor Nephretomy. Retroperitoneal Donor Nephrectomy. Retroperitoneal Pyeloplasty. Transperitoneal Pyeloplasty. SECTION III: Ureter Surgery. Ureterolithotomy. Ureter Intraperitonealization. SECTION IV: Retroperitoneal Surgery. Retroperitoneal Lymphadenectomy. Lymphocel Fenestration. Pelvic Staging-Lymphadenectomy. Retroperitoneal Adrealectomy. Transperitoneal Adrenalectomy. SECTION V: Genital Surgery. Undescended Testis. Varicocelectomy. SECTION VI: Bladder and Prostate Surgery. Retroperitoneal Radical Prostatectomy. Transperitoneal Radical Prostatectomy. Radical Cystectomy and Urinary Diversion