part Part I: Phantoms -- chapter 1 Computational Phantoms for Radiation Dosimetry: A 40-Year History of Evolution / chapter 2 Stylized Computational Phantoms Developed at ORNL and Elsewhere / chapter 3 The GSF Voxel Computational Phantom Family / chapter 4 The ADELAIDE Teenage Female Voxel Computational Phantom / chapter 5 The MCAT, NCAT, XCAT, and MOBY Computational Human and Mouse Phantoms / chapter 6 The 3D and 4D VIP-Man Computational Phantoms / chapter 7 The FAX06 and the MAX06 Computational Voxel Phantoms / chapter 8 The University of Florida Pediatric Phantom Series / chapter 9 Japanese Computational Phantoms: Otoko, Onago, JM, JM2, JF, TARO, HANAKO, Pregnant Woman, and Deformable Child / chapter 10 Korean Computational Phantoms: KMIRD, KORMAN, KORWOMAN, KTMAN-1, KTMAN-2, and HDRK-Man / chapter 11 Chinese Voxel Computational Phantoms: CNMAN, VCH, and CVP / chapter 12 Pregnant Female/Fetus Computational Phantoms and the Latest RPI-P Series Representing 3, 6, and 9 Month Gestational Periods / chapter 13 The Vanderbilt University Reference Adult and Pediatric Phantom Series / chapter 14 Mesh-Based and Anatomically Adjustable Adult Phantoms and a Case Study in Virtual Calibration of a Lung Counter for Female Workers / chapter 15 The ICRP Reference Computational Phantoms / chapter 16 Physical Phantoms for Experimental Radiation Dosimetry / part Part II: Applications -- chapter 17 Applications to Environmental Exposures / chapter 18 Applications to External Radiation Exposures in Nuclear Power Plants / chapter 19 Applications to Bioassay for Internal Radiation Contamination / chapter 20 Applications to Nuclear Medicine / chapter 21 Applications to Computed Tomography for Pediatric Patients / chapter 22 Applications to Computed Tomography for Adult Patients / chapter 23 Applications to Optimization of X-Ray Radiographic Imaging. Birsen Yazıcı, Il-Young Son, An Jin, and X. George Xu -- chapter 24 Applications to Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Dosimetry Involving MCAT, NCAT, and MOBY Phantoms / chapter 25 Applications to Secondary Radiation Dosimetry in External Beam Radiation Therapy / chapter 26 Applications to Image-Guided Radiation Treatment Planning / chapter 27 Dose Calculations in Radiation Therapy Based on Patient Models Using the Geant4 Monte Carlo Code / chapter 28 Applications to Patient-Specifi c Voxel Computational Phantoms in EGS Monte Carlo Codes for Radiation Treatment Involving Photons and Electrons / chapter 29 Applications to Nonionizing Radiation Protection / chapter 30 Summary and Future Needs Related to Computational Phantoms / chapter About the Contributors.