1. Epidemiology and natural history of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis / Issam D. Moussa and J.P. Mohr -- 2. Pathobiology of the asymptomatic atherosclerotic carotid plaque / Giuseppe Sangiori. [et al.] -- 3. Cerebrovascular anatomy and physiology and mechanisms of first-ever ischemic stroke in patients with carotid artery stenosis / Tatjana Rundek, Philip M. Meyers and Kevin Crutchfield -- 4. Who should be screened for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis? / Issam D. Moussa and Michael R. Jaff -- 5. Diagnosis and clinical evaluation of patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis / Richard E. Temes and J.P. Mohr -- 6. Medical treatment for patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis / Michael R. Jaff -- 7. Risk stratification of patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis : demographic and clinical considerations / Issam D. Moussa and J.P. Mohr -- 8. Risk stratification of patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis : evaluation of carotid stenosis severity, progression, and morphology by duplex ultrasound / Bernardo Liberato and Tatjana Rundek -- 9. Risk stratification of patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis : transcranial Doppler-based evaluation of asymptomatic cerebral microemboli / Lee Birnbaum, Tatjana Rundek and Andrei V. Alexandrov -- 10. Risk stratification of patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis : evaluation of cerebrovascular reserve / Jennifer A. Frontera and Randolph Marshall -- 11. Risk stratification of patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis : role of inflammatory biomarkers for atherosclerosis / Mitchell S.V. Elkind and Marie C. Eugene -- 12. The role of carotid and cerebral angiography in the management of individuals with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis / Richard E. Temes. [et al.] -- 13. Carotid endarterectomy in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis / William A. Gray and E. Sander Connoly -- 14. Carotid artery stenting in patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis / William A. Gray and Issam D. Moussa -- 15. Asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease : guidelines and future directions / Shyam Prabhakaran and Ralph L. Sacco.