ch. 1. Reflections on youth and juvenile justice / Alida V. Merlo and Peter J. Benekos -- ch. 2. What causes delinquency? : classical and sociological theories of crime / Pamela Tontodonato and Frank E. Hagan -- ch. 3. Delinquency theory : examining delinquency and aggression through a biopsychosocial approach / Thomas J. Gamble and Amy C. Eisert -- ch. 4. Youth, drugs, and delinquency / Frank P. Williams III and Maarilyn McShane -- ch. 5. Violence and schools : the problem, prevention, and policies / Richard Lawrence -- ch. 6. A world of risk : victimized children in the juvenile justice system : an ecological explanation, a holistic solution / John H. Lemmon and P.J. Verrecchia -- ch. 7. Prosecuting juvenile offenders in criminal court / Joseph Sanborn -- ch. 8. Youth behind bars : doing justice or harm? / Eric J. Fritsch and Tory J. Caeti -- ch. 9. Race, delinquency, and discrimination : minorities in the juvenile justice system / Donna M. Bishop -- ch. 10. In trouble and ignored : female delinquents in America / Ruth Triplett, Dianne Cyr Carmody, and Peggy S. Plass -- ch. 11. Sentenced to die : controversy and change in the ultimate sanction for juvenile offenders / Alexis J. Miller and Richard Tewksbury -- ch. 12. Comparative juvenile justice policy : lessons from other countries / Audry Passetti, Alida V. Merlo, and Peter J. Benekos.