This is the first of two volumes recording the proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Nutrition and Fitness. It is the first publication to provide the latest research on the role of exercise and nutrients in gene expression; define the relationship that exists among exercise, nutrition, health and fitness, and examine the scientific evidence from an evolutionary perspective. Stimulating and well-organized, this volume will interest geneticists, anthropologists, exercise physiologists, nutritionists and dietitians, psychologists and psychiatrists, pediatricians, internists, general practitioners, health care providers, industrial scientists, policymakers, and national and international governmental organizations.