Cover -- Dedication -- Title -- Copyright -- Preface -- Introduction: From Smart Grids to the Smart Cities: New Paradigms for Future Networks -- I.1. The birth of smart grids -- I.2. Definition of a smart grid -- I.3. Drivers for smart grids -- I.4. From smart grids to smart cities -- I.5. The smart city: home of advanced energy solutions -- I.6. The smart city: a people-oriented environment -- I.7. Active energy users and prosumers -- I.8. Horizontal integration through energy hubs and energy districts -- I.9. Final remarks -- I.10. Bibliography -- 1 Unbalanced Three-Phase Optimal Power Flow for the Optimization of MV and LV Distribution Grids -- 1.1. Advanced distribution management system for smart distribution grids -- 1.2. Secondary distribution monitoring and control -- 1.3. Three-phase distribution optimal power flow for smart distribution grids -- 1.4. Problem formulation and solving algorithm -- 1.5. Application of the proposed methodology to the optimization of a MV network -- 1.6. Application of the proposed methodology to the optimization of a MV/LV network -- 1.7. Conclusions -- 1.8. Acknowledgments -- 1.9. Bibliography -- 2 Mixed Integer Linear Programming Models for Network Reconfiguration and Resource Optimization in Power Distribution Networks -- 2.1. Introduction -- 2.2. Model for determining the optimal configuration of a radial distribution network -- 2.3. Test results of minimum loss configuration obtained by the MILP model -- 2.4. MILP model of the VVO problem -- 2.5. Test results obtained by the VVO MILP model -- 2.6. Conclusions -- 2.7. Acknowledgments -- 2.8. Bibliography -- 3 The Role of Nature-inspired Metaheuristic Algorithms for Optimal Voltage Regulation in Urban Smart Grids -- 3.1. Introduction -- 3.2. Emerging needs in urban power systems3.3. Toward smarter grids -- 3.4. Smart grids optimization -- 3.5. Metaheuristic algorithms for smart grids optimization -- 3.6. Numerical results -- 3.7. Conclusions -- 3.8. Bibliography -- 4 Urban Energy Hubs and Microgrids: Smart Energy Planning for Cities -- 4.1. Introduction -- 4.2. Approaches and tools for urban energy hubs -- 4.3. Methodology -- 4.4. Application -- 4.5. Conclusions -- 4.6. Bibliography -- 5 Optimization of Multi-energy Carrier Systems in Urban Areas -- 5.1. Introduction -- 5.2. Optimal control strategy for a small-scale multi-carrier energy system -- 5.3. Optimal design of an urban energy district -- 5.4. Conclusions -- 5.5. Acknowledgments -- 5.6. Bibliography -- 6 Optimal Gas Flow Algorithm for Natural Gas Distribution Systems in Urban Environment -- 6.1. Introduction -- 6.2. Natural gas network evolution -- 6.3. Implementing the monitoring and control system in the "Gas Smart Grids" pilot project -- 6.4. Basic equations under steady-state conditions -- 6.5. Gas load flow formulation -- 6.6. Gas optimal flow method -- 6.7. Optimizing turbo-expander operations -- 6.8. Optimizing pressure profiles on the low pressure distribution grids -- 6.9. Conclusions -- 6.10. Acknowledgements -- 6.11. Bibliography -- 7 Multicarrier Energy System Optimal Power Flow -- 7.1. Introduction -- 7.2. Basic concepts and assumptions -- 7.3. Problem formulation -- 7.4. Time varying acceleration coefficient gravitational search algorithm -- 7.5. TV AC-GSA-based MECOPF problem -- 7.6. Case study simulations and results -- 7.7. Conclusions -- 7.8. Appendix 1: Performance evaluation of TV AC-GSA for five benchmark functions -- 7.9. Appendix 2: System data of the test case -- 7.10. Bibliography -- List of Authors -- Index.