"Groundwater known as the least contaminated source of freshwater on the Earth. It is excessively being used in different sectors for diverse purposes such as drinking, agriculture, industrial use and fish culture. Approximately 1.5 billion population is dependent on the underground source of water. Groundwater quality is greatly affected by Sub-surface geology, topography, climate change, and natural events such as earthquake, flood and landslide. This chapter presents a holistic approach about the geogenic pollutants, including their mineralogical sources, remedial measures and impact on the human health in different geographical regions of India. The geogenic pollutant is defined as the surpassing of certain thresholds regarding drinking water recommendations in sub-surface water system devoid of direct or indirect anthropogenic intervention. Longer residence time, often combined with favourable geologic conditions and mineralogy of the aquifer, leading to groundwater pollution by geogenic contaminants. The commonly known geogenic pollutants are Arsenic (As), Fluoride (F), Iodine (I), Uranium (U), Sodium (Na), Chloride (Cl), Sulphate (SO4), and trace element such as iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Chromium (Cr), selenium (Se) etc. As and F are widely studied geogenic pollutants in various geographical regions. The mechanism behind the As mobilization under alkaline and reducing conditions are identified as reductive dissolution of As-bearing Fe minerals, reductive desorption of As(V) and formation of readily mobile complexes. Whereas, F enrichment is affected by the solubility of F bearing minerals, restriction of groundwater conditions, and the presence of precipitating or complexing ions."-- Provided by publisher.