Front Matter -- Diet and Physical Activity as Determinants of Human Health. The Link between Sub-optimal Diet and Physical Inactivity with Non-communicable Diseases -- Lifestyle and Epigenetics -- Healthy/Prudent Diets and Health Benefits in Adults -- Basic Concepts of Physical Activity and Fitness. Definition of Fitness and Its Components -- Defining Physical Activity and Exercise -- Implications and Health Benefits of Physical Activity in Adults -- Determinants of Healthy Aging. Healthy Aging -- The Interface Between Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Disease -- Physiological Changes in Multiple Organ Systems Through Aging -- The Role of Plant-based Diets on Healthy Aging -- Physical Activity as a Determinant of Healthy Aging -- Cardiovascular Health, Diet, and Physical Activity. Heart Failure -- Atrial/Flutter Fibrillation -- Endothelial Function -- Cardio-metabolic Health, Diet, and Physical Activity. Diabetes Mellitus -- Hypertension -- Dyslipidemia -- Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome -- Obstructive Sleep Apnea -- Chronic Kidney Disease -- Cancer -- Appendix: Answers to Self-assessment Questions -- Abbreviations -- Glossary -- Index