Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Introduction to Ivermectin -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Sources and Synthesis -- 1.3 Pharmacological Potential of Ivermectin -- 1.3.1 Ivermectin in the Treatment of Cancer -- 1.3.1.1 Ovarian Cancer -- 1.3.1.2 Renal Cell Cancer -- 1.3.2 Ivermectin Against Viruses -- 1.3.3 Ivermectin in the Treatment of Bacterial Infections -- 1.4 Ivermectin's Beneficial Role in Cattle -- 1.5 Ivermectin in the Treatment of COVID-19 -- 1.5.1 Mode of Action -- 1.6 Toxicity of Ivermectin -- 1.6.1 Acute Toxicity -- 1.6.2 Developmental and Reproduction Toxicity -- 1.6.3 General and Safety Pharmacology -- 1.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2 Historical Background of and Synthetic Approaches to Ivermectin (IVM) and its Homologues -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.1.1 Historical Background of Ivermectin -- 2.2 Synthetic Approaches Towards the Construction of IVM and Analogues -- 2.3 Biosynthesis -- 2.4 Chemical Synthetic Pathway -- 2.5 Crystal Structure -- 2.6 Conclusion and Outlook -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 3 Ivermectin as a Repurposed Drug for COVID-19 -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Symptoms of COVID-19 -- 3.3 Repurposing of the Drugs -- 3.4 Repurposed Drugs for COVID-19 -- 3.5 Repurposing of Ivermectin for COVID-19 -- 3.6 Proposed Possible Mechanism of Action -- 3.7 SARS COVID-19 Clinical Studies with Ivermectin -- 3.8 Conclusions -- 3.9 Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4 Ivermectin as an Anti-Parasitic Agent -- Abbreviations -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Use of Ivermectin Against Various Human Parasitic Infections -- 4.2.1 Strongyloidiasis -- 4.2.2 Onchocerciasis -- 4.2.3 Lymphatic Filariasis -- 4.2.4 Loiasis -- 4.2.5 Scabies -- 4.2.6 Pediculosis -- 4.2.7 Mansonellosis -- 4.2.8 Ascariasis -- 4.2.9 Gnathostomiases -- 4.2.10 Leishmaniasis -- 4.2.11 Malaria.

4.3 Mode of Action Against Various Parasites -- 4.4 Conclusions -- 4.5 Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 5 Emerging Paradigm of Ivermectin and its Hybrids in Elimination of Malaria -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Malaria -- 5.2.1 World Malaria Report 2021 -- 5.2.2 Malaria in India: Statistics and Facts -- 5.2.3 Providing Malaria Treatment Despite All Odds -- 5.2.4 Meeting the Global Goal -- 5.2.5 Elimination of Malaria -- 5.2.6 Status of Anti-Malarial Drugs -- 5.3 Life Cycle of Malaria -- 5.4 Drug Against Hepatic Malarial Stage -- 5.5 About Ivermectin -- 5.5.1 Ivermectin Against Liver Cells of Malaria Parasite -- 5.6 Designing and Synthesis of Ivermectin Inhibitors -- 5.6.1 Hybrids of Ivermectin -- 5.7 Conclusions -- 5.8 Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Ivermectin: A Potential Repurposed Anti-Cancer Therapeutic -- Abbreviations -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Mechanism of Anti-Carcinogenesis -- 6.3 Activation of Chloride Ion Channels -- 6.4 Anti-Mitotic Effect and Inhibition of Angiogenesis -- 6.5 Inhibition of Mitochondrial Respiration -- 6.6 Inhibitor of Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) -- 6.7 Induction of Immunogenic Cell Death (ICD) -- 6.8 Epigenetic Modulator -- 6.9 Induction PAK1-Mediated Cytostatic Autophagy -- 6.10 Inhibition of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) -- 6.11 Inhibition of Yes-Associated Protein 1 (YAP1) -- 6.12 Inhibition of RNA Helicase -- 6.13 Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis -- 6.14 Activation of Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3) -- 6.15 Inhibition of Wnt-TCF Pathway Responses -- 6.16 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7 Ivermectin as an Anti-Inflammatory Agent -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Ant-Inflammatory Action of Ivermectin -- 7.3 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 8 Ivermectin: An Anthelminthic and Insecticide -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Ivermectin as an Anthelmintic -- 8.2.1 Mode of Action.

8.2.2 Ivermectin and Public Health -- 8.2.3 Challenges of Ivermectin Use as an Anthelminthic -- 8.3 Insecticidal Activity of Ivermectin -- 8.3.1 Mode of Action -- 8.3.2 Overview of Ivermectin as an Insecticide -- 8.3.3 Methods of Application to Animals and Plants -- 8.3.4 Disease Vector Control -- 8.3.5 Ivermectin Against Agricultural, Stored Grain Insect Pests and Other Insects -- 8.3.6 Ivermectin Usage in Livestock -- 8.3.7 Environmental Impact of Ivermectin -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9 Potential Applications of Ivermectin (IVM) in Dermatology -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Mechanism of Action, Toxicity, and Side Effects of IVM -- 9.3 Motivational Approach of IVM in the Treatment of Skin -- 9.3.1 Anti-Bacterial Agent -- 9.3.2 Anti-Fungal Agent -- 9.3.3 Anti-Viral Agent -- 9.3.4 Anti-Protozoal Agent -- 9.4 Role of IVM with Good Anti-Parasitic Properties Against the Infection of Skin -- 9.4.1 Arthropods -- 9.4.2 Nematodes -- 9.5 Importance of IVM as an Anti-Cancer or Anti-Tumor Agent in Curing the Skin -- 9.6 Social Value of IVM in the Medical Care of Red Scrotum Syndrome (RSS) -- 9.7 Utility of IVM as an Anti-Inflammatory Drug in the Treatment of Skin-Related Issues -- 9.7.1 Allergy -- 9.7.2 Psoriasis or Crusted Scabies -- 9.7.3 Asthma -- 9.8 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Chapter 10 Antiviral Uses of Ivermectin -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Mechanism of Action of Ivermectin -- 10.3 Anti-Viral Effects Against Various DNA and RNA Viruses -- 10.3.1 RNA Viruses -- 10.3.1.1 COVID-19 -- 10.3.1.2 Zika Virus -- 10.3.1.3 Dengue Virus -- 10.3.1.4 Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus -- 10.3.1.5 Hendra Virus -- 10.3.1.6 Newcastle Virus -- 10.3.1.7 Avian Influenza A Virus -- 10.3.1.8 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 -- 10.3.2 DNA Viruses -- 10.3.2.1 Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) -- 10.3.2.2 Pseudorabies Virus (PRV).

10.3.2.3 BK Polyomavirus (BKPyV) -- 10.3.2.4 Porcine Circovirus 2 (PCV2) -- 10.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11 Toxicology, Safety, and Environmental Aspects of Ivermectin -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Ivermectin's Antiparasitic Activity -- 11.3 Pharmacology -- 11.4 Adverse Effects in Humans and Animals -- 11.5 Ivermectin and Ectoparasites -- 11.5.1 Scabies -- 11.5.2 Pediculosis -- 11.5.3 Strongyloidiasis -- 11.5.4 Onchocerciasis -- 11.5.5 Lymphatic Filariasis -- 11.5.6 Loasis -- 11.6 Environmental Impact and Biodegradation of Ivermectin -- 11.7 Conclusion -- References -- Index -- EULA.