Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Preface -- Chapter 1 Lead-Free Energy Storage Ceramics -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Dielectric Capacitor and Energy Storage -- 1.3 Energy Storage of Dielectric Ceramics Free of Lead -- 1.4 Conclusion and Outlooks -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2 Lead-Based Ceramics for High-Performance Supercapacitors -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 General Idea of Ceramics for Supercapacitors -- 2.2.1 Metallic Oxide Ceramics for Supercapacitors -- 2.2.2 Binary Metal Oxides -- 2.2.2.1 Ceramics of Spinal Oxide Material -- 2.2.2.2 Barium Titanate Ceramics -- 2.2.3 Multimetal Oxidized Ceramics -- 2.2.4 Metal Hydroxide-Type Ceramics -- 2.3 Principle Involved in Electroceramics -- 2.3.1 Electrostatic Capacitor -- 2.4 Lead-Based Ceramics -- 2.4.1 Lead-Based Ferroelectrics -- 2.4.2 Lead-Based Relaxor Ferroelectrics -- 2.4.3 Lead-Based Anti-Ferroelectrics -- 2.5 Characteristics of Lead-Based Ceramics -- 2.5.1 Characteristics of Lead Zirconate Titanate -- 2.5.2 Characteristics of Lead Magnesium Niobate -- 2.5.3 Characteristics of Lead Zinc Niobate -- 2.6 Conclusion and Perspectives -- 2.6.1 Up-to-Date Sintering and Molding Process -- 2.6.2 Microscopical and Flexible Ceramics Electrode Materials -- 2.6.3 Improvement of Efficiency of the Ceramic Electrode Materials -- References -- Chapter 3 Ceramic Films for High-Performance Supercapacitors -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Energy Storage Principles -- 3.3 Factors Optimizing Energy Density -- 3.3.1 The Intrinsic Band Gap (Eg) -- 3.3.2 Electrical Microstructure -- 3.3.3 Density and Grain Size -- 3.4 Ceramics for Supercapacitors -- 3.4.1 Metal Oxide Ceramics -- 3.4.2 Multielemental Oxides -- 3.5 Conclusions and Outlook -- References -- Chapter 4 Ceramic Multilayers and Films for High-Performance Supercapacitors -- 4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Fundamentals of Energy Storage in Electroceramics -- 4.2.1 Electrostatic Capacitors -- 4.2.2 Important Factors Designed for Assessing Energy Storage Characteristics -- 4.3 Important Factors for Maximizing Energy Density -- 4.3.1 Intrinsic Band Gap -- 4.3.2 Electrical Microstructure -- 4.4 Different Types of Electroceramics Capacitors for Energy Storage -- 4.4.1 Pb-Doped Ceramics -- 4.4.1.1 Pb-Doped RFEs -- 4.4.1.2 Lead-Doped Antiferroelectrics -- 4.4.2 Pb-Free Ceramics -- 4.4.2.1 BaTiO3-Based Ceramics -- 4.4.2.2 K0.5Na0.5NbO3-Doped Ceramics -- 4.4.2.3 Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-Doped Ceramics -- 4.4.2.4 AgNbO3-Based Ceramics -- 4.5 Application of Electroceramics Supercapacitor -- 4.6 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 5 Superconductors for Energy Storage -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.1.1 Background -- 5.1.2 Superconducting Properties -- 5.1.3 Synthetic Methodology -- 5.2 Low-Temperature Superconductors -- 5.2.1 Nb-Ti-Based LTS -- 5.2.2 Nb3Sn-Based LTS -- 5.3 High-Temperature Superconductors -- 5.3.1 Cuprate-Based HTS -- 5.3.2 Iron-Based Pnictides (Pn) and Chalcogenides (Ch) as HTS -- 5.3.3 MgB2-Based HTS -- 5.3.4 Hydrides-Based HTS -- 5.4 Superconductors in Energy Applications -- 5.4.1 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage -- 5.4.1.1 Use of SMES in the Power Grid: Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) -- 5.4.1.2 Use of SMES as Fault Current Limiters -- 5.4.2 Use of Superconductors in Accelerator System -- 5.4.3 Use of Superconductors in Fusion Technologies -- 5.4.4 Challenges Faced During Superconducting Energy Storage -- 5.5 Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 6 Key Factors for Optimizing Energy Density in High-Performance Supercapacitors -- 6.1 Supercapacitor -- 6.2 Electric Double-Layer Capacitor -- 6.3 Pseudo-Capacitor -- 6.4 Hybrid Supercapacitor -- 6.4.1 Electrochemical Performance -- 6.4.2 Capacitance -- 6.4.3 Specific Capacitance.

6.4.4 Energy Density -- 6.4.5 Power Density -- 6.4.6 Cyclic Stability -- 6.5 The Energy Density of Supercapacitor -- 6.5.1 Optimization of High Energy Density -- 6.5.1.1 Pore Size -- 6.5.1.2 Surface Area -- 6.5.1.3 Grain Size -- 6.5.1.4 Functional Groups -- 6.5.1.5 Band Gap -- 6.5.2 Effect of Voltage -- 6.5.3 Asymmetric Supercapacitors -- 6.5.4 Negative Electrode Materials -- 6.5.5 Positive Electrode Materials -- 6.5.6 Battery-Supercapacitor Hybrid (Bsh) Device -- 6.5.6.1 Lithium-Ion BSH -- 6.5.6.2 Na-Ion BSH -- 6.5.6.3 Acidic BSH -- 6.5.6.4 Alkaline BSH -- 6.6 Future Outlook -- 6.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 7 Optimization of Anti-Ferroelectrics -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Energy Storage Properties -- 7.3 Antiferroelectric for Energy Storage -- 7.3.1 Lead-Based Antiferroelectric -- 7.3.2 Lead-Free Antiferroelectric -- 7.3.3 Challenges -- 7.4 Explosive Energy Conversion -- 7.5 Energy Storage and High-Power Capacitors -- 7.6 Thermal-Electric Energy Interconversion -- 7.7 Optimization -- 7.7.1 Phase Structure Engineering -- 7.7.1.1 Planning Phase in a Structural Engineering Project -- 7.7.1.2 Design Phase -- 7.7.1.3 Construction Phase -- 7.7.2 Grain Size Engineering -- 7.7.3 Domain Engineering -- 7.7.3.1 Phase -- 7.7.3.2 Domain Analysis -- 7.7.3.3 Domain Design -- 7.7.4 Doping -- 7.8 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8 Super Capacitive Performance Assessment of Mixed Ferromagnetic Iron and Cobalt Oxides and Their Polymer Composites -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.1.1 Electrolyte -- 8.1.2 Separator -- 8.1.3 Current Collector -- 8.1.4 Supercapacitor Electrode Materials -- 8.2 Ferromagnetic Electrode Materials -- 8.3 Mixed Ferromagnetic Iron and Cobalt Oxides -- 8.4 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9 Transition Metal Oxides with Broaden Potential Window for High-Performance Supercapacitors -- 9.1 Introduction of Transition Metal Oxides (TMOs).

9.2 Redox-Based Materials -- 9.3 Conducting Polymers -- 9.4 Electroactive Metal Oxides or Transition Metal Oxides (TMOs) as Electrodes for SCs -- 9.4.1 MnO2 as Electrode Material for SCs -- 9.4.2 Pseudo-Capacitive Behavior of á-MnO2 by Cation Insertion -- 9.4.3 Na0.5MnO2 Nanosheet Assembled Nanowall Arrays for ASCs -- 9.4.4 FeOx/FeOOH Material as Negative Electrode -- 9.4.5 Carbon-Stabilized Fe3O4@C Nanorod Arrays as an Efficient Anode for SCs -- 9.4.6 Electrochemical Performance of Fe3O4 and Fe3O4@C NRAs as Anode -- 9.4.7 Construction of Na0.5MnO2//Fe3O4@C ASC and Electrochemical Performance -- 9.4.8 Highly Efficient NiCo2S4@Fe2O3//MnO2 ASC -- 9.4.9 Bi2O3 as Negative Electrode with Broaden Potential Window -- 9.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10 Aqueous Redox-Active Electrolytes -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Electrolyte Requirements for High-Performance Supercapacitors -- 10.2.1 Conductivity -- 10.2.2 Salt Effect -- 10.2.3 Solvent Effect -- 10.2.4 Electrochemical Stability -- 10.2.5 Thermal Stability -- 10.3 Effect of the Electrolyte on Supercapacitor Performance -- 10.3.1 Aqueous Electrolytes -- 10.3.2 Acidic Electrolytes -- 10.3.2.1 Sulfuric Acid Electrolyte-Based EDLC and Pseudocapacitors -- 10.3.2.2 H2SO4 Electrolyte-Based Hybrid Supercapacitors -- 10.3.3 Alkaline Electrolytes -- 10.3.3.1 Alkaline Electrolyte-Based EDLC and Pseudocapacitors -- 10.3.3.2 Alkaline Electrolyte-Based Hybrid Supercapacitors -- 10.3.4 Neutral Electrolyte -- 10.3.4.1 Neutral Electrolyte-Based EDLC and Pseudocapacitors -- 10.3.4.2 Neutral Electrolyte-Based Hybrid Supercapacitors -- 10.4 Conclusion and Future Research Directions -- References -- Chapter 11 Strategies for Improving Energy Storage Properties -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Result and Discussion -- 11.2.1 Solid-State Batteries -- 11.2.2 Ultracapacitor -- 11.2.3 Flywheels.

11.2.4 Pumped Hydroelectric Storage Dams -- 11.2.5 Rail Energy Storage -- 11.2.6 Compressed Storage of Air -- 11.2.7 Liquid Air Energy Storage -- 11.2.8 Pumped Heat Electrical Storage -- 11.2.9 Redox Flow Batteries -- 11.2.10 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage -- 11.2.11 Methane -- 11.3 Energy Storage Systems Applications -- 11.3.1 Mills -- 11.3.2 Homes -- 11.3.3 Power Stations and Grid Electricity -- 11.3.4 Air Conditioning -- 11.3.5 Transportation -- 11.3.6 Electronics -- 11.4 Energy Storage Systems Economics -- 11.5 Impacts on Environment by Electricity Storage -- 11.6 Future Prospective -- 11.7 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12 State-of-the-Art in Electroceramics for Energy Storage -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 Electroceramics for Energy-Storing Devices -- 12.2.1 Bulk-Based Ceramics -- 12.2.2 Lead-Free Ceramics -- 12.3 Ceramic Multilayers and Films -- 12.4 Ceramic Films for Energy Storage in Capacitors -- 12.5 Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 13 Lead-Free Ceramics for High Performance Supercapacitors -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Ceramics -- 13.2.1 General Classification of Ceramics -- 13.2.1.1 Ceramic-Based Capacitors -- 13.3 Types of Ceramic Capacitors -- 13.4 Overview of Ceramics for Supercapacitors -- 13.4.1 Metal Oxide Ceramics for Supercapacitors -- 13.4.2 Multi-Elemental Oxide Ceramics for Supercapacitors -- 13.4.2.1 Spinel Oxide Ceramics -- 13.5 Lead-Based Ceramics -- 13.6 Lead-Free Ceramics -- 13.6.1 Analysis of Pb-Free Hybrid Materials for Energy Conversion -- 13.7 Comparison of Pb-Based Ceramics and Pb-Free Ceramics -- 13.8 Conclusion -- References -- Index -- EULA.