Our environment is heavily affected due to extreme human activities. Environmental pollution is a major concern worldwide. Within this, water pollution is one of the major challenges that puts the total ecology at risk. Water pollution is alarming everywhere; many governing authorities believe it is also an unavoidable result of human activity. However, the economic cost of water pollution far outweighs the benefits of skimping on its cause. Water pollution is not just merely related to financial cost but related to all living beings. Toxic waste is getting into the water bodies in various regions, causing many illnesses in humans and poisoning other living things. The destruction of any single component of our ecosystem can have a devastating effect on our biodiversity. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the causes of pollution, their nature and mechanism, and, at the same time, study the remedies. The major causes of water pollution are industrial waste, sewage, plastics, oil leakage, biological organisms, toxic chemicals and radioactive waste, and so on. A tremendous amount of research work is going on around the world to understand the causes, their mechanism, and solutions. Many new works are published every day, therefore it's important to gather some of the most relevant findings in one place. This will serve as a link between collected knowledge and current advancements, while also facilitating future thinking.