"Alfvén waves are fundamental to the dynamics of space plasmas. This recognition is one of the great achievements in space research, going back to the beginning of the last century, when Hannes Alfvén published his ground-breaking paper in 1942, which ultimately led to him receiving the Nobel price. Alfvén waves are important in the energization of ionospheric plasma. There is also a growing recognition of the global energy transport by Alfvén waves in the magnetosphere-ionosphere system"-- Provided by publisher.