Intro -- Transporters and Plant Osmotic Stress -- Copyright -- Contents -- Contributors -- Chapter 1: NHX1, HKT, and monovalent cation transporters regulate K+ and Na+ transport during abiotic stress -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Route of sodium uptake from the soil -- 2.1. Role of nonselective cationic channels (NSCCs) for Na+ uptake -- 2.2. Role of K channel in Na+ transport -- 2.3. Role of carrier-type HKT transporter for Na+ ion -- 3. Mechanism of salt tolerance -- 4. Role of monovalent cation transporter for regulating Na+ -- 4.1. Plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase -- 4.2. Role of vacuolar H+-ATPase -- 4.3. H+ pyrophosphatases -- 5. Secondary antiporters for regulating Na+ ion -- 5.1. SOS1 -- 5.2. NHX -- 5.3. HKT transporter -- 5.3.1. HKT1 family members -- 5.3.2. HKT2 family members -- 6. Conclusion and future perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 2: Phosphate, nitrate and polyamine transporters in abiotic stress response in plants -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Pi transporters and abiotic stress -- 3. Nitrate transporters and abiotic stress -- 4. PA transporters and abiotic stress -- 5. Conclusion and future perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 3: Calcium transport elements and abiotic stress management: Machinery involved in generation of calcium signatur ... -- 1. Introduction -- 1.1. Calcium signature -- 1.2. Abiotic stress and cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis -- 1.3. Classification of Ca2+-permeable transporters -- 1.3.1. Classification of Ca2+ conductance based on membrane potential -- 1.3.2. Classification of Ca2+-permeable transporters based on ligand binding -- 2. Ligand-gated channels at endomembrane -- 2.1. Ca2+ influx system -- 2.1.1. Cyclic nucleotide-gated channels -- 2.1.2. Glutamate receptor-like proteins -- 2.1.3. Annexins -- 2.1.4. Mechanosensitive channels -- 2.1.5. Mechanosensitive piezo channels.

2.1.6. Hyperosmolarity-induced Ca2+ channel1 (OSCA1) -- 2.1.7. Two-pore cation channel (TPC1) -- 3. Calcium extrusion or efflux systems -- 3.1. Ca2+-ATPases in plants -- 3.2. Ca2+/H+ exchangers (CAX). -- 4. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 4: Aquaporins: A potential weapon in plants for abiotic stress tolerance -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Aquaporins and plant abiotic stress tolerance -- 2.1. Temperature stress -- 2.2. Drought stress -- 2.3. Salinity -- 2.4. Heavy metals stress -- 3. Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Plant sulfate transporters dealing with drought and salinity stress -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sulfate transporters in plants -- 2.1. The group 1 sulfate transporters (SULTR1) -- 2.2. The group 2 sulfate transporters (SULTR2) -- 2.3. The group 3 sulfate transporters (SULTR3) -- 2.4. The group 4 sulfate transporters (SULTR4) -- 2.5. The group 5 sulfate transporters (SULTR5) -- 3. Modulation of SULTR activity -- 4. Role of SULTRs under drought and salinity stress -- 5. Role of SULTRs under heavy metal stress -- 6. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Abscisic acid control of plant macroelement membrane transport systems in response to water deficit and high s ... -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Osmotic stress initiates ABA biosynthesis and transport -- 3. ABA and ion transport -- 4. Role of ABA in stomatal movement -- 5. Ion transport and ionic balance during abiotic stress -- 6. Conclusion -- Acknowledgments -- References -- Chapter 7: Plant sugar transporters and their role in abiotic stress -- Abbreviations -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Sugar transporters in plants: Types -- 2.1. Monosaccharide transporters (MSTs) -- 2.2. Sucrose transporters (SUTs) -- 3. Role of monosaccharide (MSTs) and sucrose (SUTs) sugar transporters in abiotic stress -- 3.1. SWEET will eventually be exported transporter (SWEET).

3.2. Role of SWEET transporter in abiotic stress -- 4. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Glutathione transport and compartmentation during abiotic stress conditions -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Biochemical and physiological characterization of glutathione -- 3. Glutathione biosynthesis -- 4. Regulation of glutathione biosynthesis -- 5. Glutathione-induced abiotic stress responses and tolerance in plants -- 6. Drought stress -- 7. Salinity stress -- 8. Temperature stress -- 9. Toxic metals/metalloid stress -- 10. Intercellular compartmentation and transport of glutathione -- 11. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 9: Genetic engineering of ion transporters for osmotic stress tolerance -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Osmotic stress: A brief scenario -- 2.1. Effects of osmotic stress in plant cells: Structural and functional responses -- 2.2. How plants respond to the osmotic stresses -- 2.3. Homeostasis -- 2.4. Detoxification -- 2.5. Growth maintenance and recovery -- 2.6. The osmotic stress: Signaling pathways in plants -- 3. Genes responsible for osmotic stress -- 3.1. Transporter genes -- 4. Role of ion transporters to create osmotic stress tolerance in plants -- 4.1. Utility of ion transport proteins to develop salt stress-resistance plant -- 4.2. Existence of Na+/H+ reverse transport proteins in plasma membrane -- 4.3. Plasma membrane Na+ and K+ ion transport proteins -- 4.4. Vacuole membrane transport protein -- 4.5. Ion transporter and drought tolerance -- 4.6. Ion transporter for cold tolerance -- 5. Genetic engineering approaches with ion transporter for osmotic stress tolerance -- 6. Future perspective -- References -- Chapter 10: Nitrogen uptake and dynamics in plants under stress condition -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nitrogen for life's existence -- 3. Nitrogen use efficiency -- 4. Nitrogen dynamics in different ecosystems -- 4.1. Forestry.

4.2. Grassland -- 5. Plant nitrogen uptake and metabolism -- 6. Plant response under stress conditions -- 7. Nitrogen uptake and allocation in trees under stress conditions -- 8. Soil moisture stress on nitrogen uptake mechanism -- 9. Soil salinity and nitrogen uptake in plants -- 10. Drought stress and nitrogen uptake in plants -- 11. Temperature and heat effects on nitrogen balance of forests -- 12. Flooding effects on nitrogen balance of forests -- 13. Biotic stress and nitrogen uptake in plants -- 14. Linking concept among biotic and abiotic stress and nitrogen uptake -- 15. Research and development -- 16. Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 11: Regulation of transporters through different exogenously applied chemicals during environmental stress -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Abiotic stresses in plants -- 2.1. Oxidative stress in plants -- 2.2. Drought stress -- 2.3. Flood stress -- 2.4. Salinity stress -- 2.5. High and low temperature stress -- 2.6. Heavy metal stress -- 2.7. UV stress -- 3. Plant protection strategies against abiotic stresses -- 3.1. Protection strategies against drought stress -- 3.2. Protection against salinity stress -- 3.3. Protection against low temperature stress -- 3.4. Protection against high temperature stress -- 3.5. Protection against heavy metal stress -- 3.6. Protection against UV stress -- 4. Biochemical strategies against abiotic stress in plants -- 4.1. Biochemical strategies against heat stress -- 4.2. Biochemical strategies against salinity stress -- 4.3. Biochemical strategies against drought stress -- 4.4. Biochemical strategies against UV stress -- 5. Different abiotic stresses and the regulation of transporters -- 5.1. Transporters for heavy metals -- 5.2. Transporter for ionic stress -- 5.3. Transporter against heat stress -- 5.4. Transporter against salinity stress -- 5.5. Transporters against nutrient stress.

5.6. Transporter against UV stress -- 5.7. Transporter against drought stress -- 5.8. Aquaporins -- 6. Exogenous chemicals and transporters: Types of exogenous chemicals against abiotic stresses in plants and correspondin ... -- 6.1. Phytohormones -- 6.1.1. Auxin -- 6.1.2. Abscisic acid -- 6.1.3. Cytokinin -- 6.1.4. Gibberellins -- 6.1.5. Strigolactones -- 6.1.6. Jasmonates -- 6.1.7. Salicylic acid -- 6.1.8. Ethylene -- 6.2. Osmoprotectants -- 6.2.1. Proline and glycine betaine -- 6.2.2. Trehalose -- 6.3. Polyamines -- 6.4. Signaling molecule (nitric oxide) -- 6.5. Trace elements -- 6.5.1. Selenium (Se) -- 6.5.2. Silicon (Si) -- 6.6. Nutrients -- 6.6.1. Metal ions -- 6.6.2. Inorganic sources -- 7. Conclusion -- References -- Further reading -- Chapter 12: Nitrogen uptake, assimilation, and mobilization in plants under abiotic stress -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Nitrate uptake -- 3. Nitrogen assimilation and mobilization in plants under abiotic stress -- 4. Nitrate as a signal regulates N assimilation -- 5. Abiotic stress: Impact of N limitation, heat stress, and drought on plant N fluxes -- 6. Abundance of transcripts in tolerant genotypes under N-stress -- References -- Chapter 13: Phytohormone transporters during abiotic stress response -- 1. Introduction -- 2. Phytohormones and their role in crops -- 3. Abscisic acid -- 3.1. Response of abscisic acid transporter in plants under abiotic stress -- 4. Gibberellic acid -- 4.1. Response of gibberellic acid transporter in plants under abiotic stress -- 5. Auxins -- 5.1. Response of auxin transporter in plants under abiotic stress -- 6. Cytokinins -- 6.1. Response of CK transporter in plants under abiotic stress -- 7. Ethylene -- 7.1. Response of ethylene transporters in plants under abiotic stress -- 8. Brassinosteroids -- 8.1. Response of brassinosteroids transporters in plants under abiotic stress.