Front Cover -- Hydrogen Sulfide in Plant Biology -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- List of contributors -- 1 Hydrogen sulfide regulates temperature stress in plants -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Temperature stress -- 1.2.1 Chilling stress in plants -- 1.2.2 Chilling-induced effects on plants -- 1.2.2.1 Seed germination -- 1.2.2.2 Growth and development -- 1.2.2.3 Gaseous exchange and photosynthesis -- 1.2.2.4 Water and nutrient relations -- 1.2.2.5 Oxidative stress and osmotic balance -- 1.2.2.6 Yield attributes -- 1.2.2.7 Chilling stress and postharvest quality of fresh fruits and vegetables -- 1.2.3 High-temperature or heat stress in plants -- 1.2.4 High-temperature-induced effects on plants -- 1.2.4.1 Seed germination and plant growth -- 1.2.4.2 Gas exchange and photosynthesis -- 1.2.4.3 Nutrient and water relations -- 1.2.4.4 Osmotic balance and oxidative stress -- 1.2.4.5 Pollen production and pollination -- 1.2.4.6 Yield attributes -- 1.2.5 H2S-induced regulation of temperature stress in plants -- 1.2.6 Crosstalk of H2S with other molecules during temperature stress -- 1.2.7 H2S and chilling stress in plants -- 1.2.7.1 H2S regulates chilling stress responsive genes -- 1.2.7.2 H2S-induced low-temperature/chilling tolerance -- 1.2.8 H2S and high-temperature stress in plants -- 1.2.8.1 H2S regulates high-temperature responsive genes -- 1.2.8.2 H2S-induced high-temperature/heat tolerance -- 1.3 Conclusion and future perspectives -- References -- 2 Crosstalk of hydrogen sulfide with melatonin and nitric oxide in ripening of fruits -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Fruit ripening mechanism -- 2.3 H2S, NO, and melatonin in regulation of fruit ripening -- 2.3.1 Crosstalk of H2S with NO during ripening -- 2.3.2 Crosstalk of melatonin with NO -- 2.3.3 Crosstalk between H2S, melatonin and NO -- 2.4 Sole role of H2S in fruit ripening.

2.4.1 H2S and fruit ripening -- 2.4.2 Role of H2S in delaying ripening and conserving quality during postharvest -- 2.4.2.1 H2S and color changes -- 2.4.2.2 H2S and postharvest chilling injury -- 2.4.2.3 H2S and postharvest oxidative stress -- 2.4.2.4 H2S, ethylene production, and respiratory metabolism -- 2.4.2.5 H2S, membrane integrity, and lipid peroxidation -- 2.4.2.6 H2S and postharvest diseases -- 2.4.2.7 H2S and postharvest fruit softening -- 2.5 Nitric oxide and fruit ripening -- 2.5.1 NO and postharvest fruit quality -- 2.5.2 NO and postharvest senescence reduction -- 2.5.3 NO and biochemical quality conservation -- 2.5.4 NO and chilling injury -- 2.5.5 NO and postharvest diseases -- 2.5.6 Action mechanism of NO -- 2.5.7 NO, intracellular energy, and sugar metabolism -- 2.6 Melatonin and fruit ripening -- 2.6.1 Role of melatonin in postharvest fruit quality -- 2.6.2 Melatonin and postharvest senescence -- 2.6.3 Melatonin, chilling injury, and disease reduction -- 2.6.4 Action mechanism of melatonin -- 2.7 Conclusion and future prospects -- References -- 3 Role of hydrogen sulfide in alleviating oxidative stress in plants through induction of antioxidative defense mechanism, ... -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 Biosynthesis of hydrogen sulfide in plant cells under adverse environmental conditions -- 3.3 Role of hydrogen sulfide as an emergent signaling molecule in plants -- 3.3.1 Interaction of H2S with other signaling molecule to enhance antioxidative defense mechanism -- 3.4 Role of H2S in acceleration of antioxidative mechanism in plants during abiotic stress condition -- 3.4.1 Function of hydrogen sulfide in mitigation of drought stress in plants -- 3.4.2 Hydrogen sulfide improves salinity tolerance in plants -- 3.4.3 Protective functions of H2S in response to heavy metal and metalloid toxicity.

3.4.4 Bioprotective nature of hydrogen sulfide on plant thermotolerance -- 3.4.5 Protective function of hydrogen sulfide under cold stress -- 3.5 Role of H2S in ionic and osmotic homeostasis in plants under various abiotic stresses -- 3.6 Interaction of H2S and physiological responses in plants imposed to various abiotic stresses -- 3.7 Conclusions and future prospective -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 4 Regulation of metal stress toxicity in plants by the hydrogen sulfide -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 H2S in plants: metabolism and role in plant development -- 4.3 H2S-induced protein persulfidation during oxidative stress -- 4.4 H2S signaling triggered by heavy metal stress -- 4.5 H2S-induced metal stress tolerance -- 4.6 Conclusions and future perspectives -- References -- 5 Hydrogen sulfide and lateral root development in plants under stress -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Hydrogen sulfide and environmental stress -- 5.3 Signaling of hydrogen sulfide -- 5.4 Hydrogen sulfide and production of lateral roots -- 5.5 Conclusions -- References -- 6 General view on H2S and abiotic stress tolerance in plants -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Insight into H2S metabolism -- 6.3 Protein persulfidation induced by H2S due to oxidative stress -- 6.4 H2S in abiotic stress tolerance -- 6.4.1 Ameliorative roles of H2S during drought stress -- 6.4.2 Ameliorative roles of H2S during salinity stress -- 6.4.3 Ameliorative roles of H2S during temperature stress -- 6.4.4 Ameliorative roles of H2S during heavy metal stress -- 6.5 H2S and plant growth regulators -- 6.6 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Role of H2S in plants: a current update -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Sulfide: an emerging signal molecule -- 7.3 H2S synthesis in plants -- 7.4 Biological significance of H2S -- 7.5 Crosstalk of H2S with other signals -- 7.6 Conclusion -- References.

8 Hydrogen sulfide and nitric oxide crosstalk in plants under stress -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Similarities and differences between NO and H2S -- 8.2.1 Physicochemical aspects -- 8.2.2 Metabolic processes -- 8.2.3 Signaling pathways -- 8.2.3.1 Reaction with metals -- 8.2.3.2 Reactions with oxidants -- 8.2.3.3 Reaction with thiols -- 8.3 NO and H2S and their role in plants at physiological conditions -- 8.3.1 Seed dormancy/germination -- 8.3.2 Root organogenesis -- 8.3.3 Stomatal closure -- 8.3.4 Leaf senescence -- 8.3.5 Fruit ripening -- 8.4 Crosstalk between H2S and NO in plants under stress conditions -- 8.4.1 Abiotic stress -- 8.4.1.1 Salt and drought stress -- 8.4.1.2 Heavy metal stress -- 8.4.1.3 Heat stress and chilling -- 8.4.2 Biotic stress -- 8.5 Conclusions and future perspectives -- Acknowledgment -- References -- 9 Gene regulation by H2S in plants -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Multilayered transcriptional regulation -- 9.3 H2S and epigenetics -- 9.3.1 Histone modification (histone methylation/demethylation or acetylation/deacetylation) by catalytic functions of histo... -- 9.3.2 DNA cytosine methylation -- 9.3.3 Noncoding ribonucleic acid (RNA) regulation -- fully discussed in the next title -- 9.4 H2S and microRNA, and epigenetic feedback loop -- 9.4.1 MicroRNAs can influence both histone and DNA modifications through targeting the responsible enzymes -- 9.4.2 The epigenetic machinery controls gene transcriptions of microRNAs -- 9.4.3 MicroRNAs control H2S biosynthesis -- 9.4.4 H2S modulates microRNAs -- 9.5 H2S, hormones, epigenetics, and transcriptional landscape -- 9.5.1 Phytohormones involves in H2S production and homeostasis -- 9.5.2 H2S contributes to the modulation of biosynthesis, signaling, and/or functions of phytohormones -- 9.6 H2S, mitochondria, chloroplast, epigenetics, and gene regulation -- 9.7 H2S and transcription factors.

9.8 Ca2+, Ca2+/CaM, H2S, and gene regulation -- 9.8.1 Ca2+/CaM signaling regulates H2S production and homeostasis -- 9.8.2 H2S can effectively participate in the modulation of Ca2+ signaling -- 9.9 H2S, mitogen-activated protein kinase, signal transduction, and transcriptional control -- 9.10 Crosstalk between NO and H2S -- 9.11 Crosstalk between H2O2 and H2S -- 9.12 H2S and redox-based gene regulation -- 9.13 H2S, cytoskeleton, and gene regulation -- 9.14 H2S-mediated mechanisms of transcription reprogramming, concluding remarks, and future perspective -- References -- 10 Hydrogen sulfide and reactive oxygen species crosstalk and acquisition of abiotic stress tolerance -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Role of hydrogen sulfide in plants -- 10.2.1 Generation of H2S in plants -- 10.2.1.1 Endogenous production of H2S under environmental stresses -- 10.2.2 H2S metabolism in plants -- 10.2.3 Importance of H2S in plants as a signaling molecule -- 10.3 Hydrogen sulfide and reactive oxygen species crosstalk during abiotic stress in plants -- 10.3.1 H2S and antioxidative defense mechanism -- 10.3.2 H2S and reactive oxygen species -- 10.3.3 Cooperative interactions of H2S and reactive oxygen species in plants -- 10.4 Conclusion and future perspectives -- Acknowledgments -- References -- 11 Regulation of salinity stress by hydrogen sulfide in plants -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Impact of salinity stress on plants -- 11.2.1 Impact of salinity on growth -- 11.2.2 Impact of salinity on photosynthesis -- 11.2.3 Impact of salinity on oxidative stress -- 11.3 Role of H2S in plant biology -- 11.4 Role of H2S in plants under salinity stress -- 11.4.1 Impact on photosynthesis -- 11.4.2 Impact on oxidative stress -- 11.4.3 Impact on antioxidative system -- 11.5 Role of H2S in plant productivity under salinity stress -- 11.6 Conclusion -- References.