This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Verification and Evaluation of Computer and Communication Systems, VECoS 2023, held in Marrakech, Morocco, during October 18-20, 2023. The 12 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 36 submissions. The topics presented covered a range of subjects, including approaches to improving the scalability and efficiency of formal verification and their applications to blockchain, smart contracts and neural networks.