This book constitutes the refereed revised selected papers of the 10th Latin American Conference on High Performance Computing, CARLA 2023, held in Cartagena, Colombia, during September 18-22, 2023. The 14 full papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 26 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: High Performance Computing (HPC), Artificial Intelligence using HPC Scale and High Performance Computing Applications.