This volume highlights the latest advances, innovations, and applications related to membrane technologies for water and wastewater treatment as presented by leading researchers at the 7th IWA Regional Membrane Technology Conference (IWA-RMTC), held in Palermo, Italy on June 18-21, 2024. The event took place together with the International Conference on Wider-Uptake of Water Resource Recovery from Wastewater Treatment (ICWRR). The contributions cover a wide range of topics such as membrane materials and configurations, hybrid membrane processes, drinking water treatment, domestic/industrial wastewater treatment, water reuse, resource recovery from wastewater, energy recovery from water and wastewater, desalination, membrane fouling mechanisms and control. The contributions were selected by means of a rigorous peer-review process and highlight many exciting ideas that will spur novel research directions and foster multidisciplinary collaboration among different water specialists. .