This volume constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 18th International Symposium on Neural Networks, ISNN 2024, held in Weihai, China, during 11-14, July 2024. The 59 full papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 82 submission. They are categorized in the following sections: Optimization Algorithms; Adversarial Learning, Transfer Learning, and Deep Learning; Signal, Image, and Video Processing; Modeling, Analysis, and Implementation of Neural Networks; Control Systems, Robotics, and Autonomous Driving; Fault Diagnosis and Intelligent Industry & Bio-signal, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Engineering.