This book focuses on summarizing recent research trends for new beyond-CMOS and beyond-silicon devices, circuits, and architectures for computing. It reports the recent achievements in this field from leading research trends around the globe, specifically focusing on nanoscale beyond silicon materials and devices, functional nanomaterials, nanoscale devices, beyond-CMOS devices materials, and their opportunities and challenges. The book is devoted to the fast-evolving field of modern material science and nanoelectronics, particularly to the physics and technology of functional nanomaterials and devices.