This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Scalable Uncertainty Management, SUM 2024, held in Palermo, Italy, during November 27-29, 2024. The 28 full and 7 short papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 43 submissions. SUM 2024 solicited three types of paper submissions: Long papers reporting on original research or providing surveys that synthesize current research trends, short papers describing promising work in progress, systems, or positions on controversial issues, and extended abstracts.