As the complexity of decision-making in medicine, and surgery in particular, is growing exponentially, this book provides a practical guide to decision-making in thoracic surgery. It offers guidance on how to select among the varied and complex approaches that new technology provides. Concise and easy to follow chapters are devoted to one or two specific questions or decisions in thoracic surgery, aiding the reader to develop their decision-making skills. Difficult Decisions in Thoracic Surgery offers clearly formatted and evidence-based chapters to help the reader navigate the complexities of thoracic surgery. All new chapters bring insight into the challenges faced operating on the lung, esophagus, diaphragm, airway, pleaura, mediastinum, and chest wall. The book is relevant to practicing surgeons, surgeons in training, as well as medical professionals working with thoracic diseases.