This book covers up-to-date knowledge of how designs found in nature use tissue hierarchies to achieve optimal functions, and how these principles are applied in bioengineering. The hierarchy-based multiscale approach has the potential to drive novel biomaterial designs, advance tissue engineering and regeneration, assist in tissue-function integration, improve high-fidelity computational modeling aided by machine learning, and enhance the development of innovative characterization tools and methodologies. This book presents the latest high-impact research achievements in bioengineered and natural hierarchical systems within a clinical context. Our aim is two-fold: (i) to emphasize the importance of integrating and bridging bioengineering designs at various tissue hierarchical levels and (ii) to foster dialogue and collaboration among bioengineers, biomechanists, and clinicians. .